The concept of Industry 4.0 has, for some years, captured the imagination of both busi- ness communities and stakeholders involved in local and regional development. Although its dis- semination is accompanied by certain social concerns, it is generally regarded as a tool for mod- ernizing the economy. In this article, we explore the economic, spatial, and social determinants of Industry 4.0 development in Silesia — one of the most industrialized regions of Europe. We demonstrate that the processes associated with its implementation can vary significantly within the region’s internal structure. Consequently, Industry 4.0 is not a “game for everyone”, and for many actors, it may prove to be a highly demanding undertaking.