The article presents a neurologist’s perspective on prematurity, which is associated with various consequences that manifest themselves in later development. Preterm birth is not only a shorter pregnancy, a smaller newborn, but most importantly, it is a tremendous consequence in the child’s development and challenges for the infant’s family. It involves the child’s illnesses, more frequent visits to various specialists, difficulties in caring for such a tiny baby, but also the need to monitor the development of primitive functions and language and cognitive skills. The authors point out that, depending on the measures taken to minimize certain primordial disorders and the timing of their application, it is possible to meet children from premature births who need only stimulation of their development, but there are also those who, without systemic therapy, cannot find their way into the educational process.