Résultats de recherche

Revue: Neophilologica

Les adjectifs ethniques sont-ils des adjectifs de relation?

Małgorzata Nowakowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 59-69

This article deals with denominai adjectives, usually called ≪pseudo-adjectives≫ or ≪non predicating adjectives ≫. The author wonders whether ethnical adjectives are part of them. In this article, the analyses are limited to ethnical adjectives used in copulative sentences like L’Alsace est francaise or Ce mot est alsacien. The author distinguishes two uses of ethnical adjectives. Firstly, ethnical adjectives are not pseudo-adjectives when they are used like an ordinary adjective (cf. L'Alsace est tres francaise and L'Alsace est belle). According to predicate calculus, the two adjectives francaise and belle function here as a predicate. In this case, the ethnical adjective francaise does not refer to France but means ‘like France’. Its semantic analysis shows then that it is different from its derivation stem France. Secondly, ethnical adjectives are pseudo-adjectives when they function as an argument. In such a case, they refer to objects like in sentences as L’Alsace est francaise. This ethnical adjective is ambiguous: which derivation stem has it? France (territory), Francais (people) or francais (language)? However, in each of these three cases, it does not predicate, but functions as an argument by referring to an object. In this sentence, the predicate is a relational implicit sense. This predicate can have several contextual readings, such as is part of, belongs to, is dominated by or is occupied by.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Morphème opportuniste et lexicalisation d’inférences: la préfixation négative in-

Denis Apothéloz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2005 | Résumé | p. 84-95

The use of the negative prefix in- in the French language is extremely complicated. In most of the cases this prefix assumes the form of one of the three complementary allomorphs but there are two exceptions from this rule. Many in- derived adjectives lexicalize the superlative value (irremplaçable) on the semantic level, which results in almost systematic polysemy between the compositional value (usually the negative one) and entirely or not entirely non-compositional one (the superlative one). The author of the article proved that the oscillation between these two values influences the position of an adjective in a nominal syntagm. In order to reveal a connection between the lexical negation and the superlative value the author formulated the pragmatic hypothesis. The second analyzed exception concerns the allomorph of the prefix in-, [i-] which is an example of a formal modification. This modification results from the presence or the lack of the superlative value (e.g. irremplaçable vs inremplaçable). This situation causes the appearance of the phenomenon called here “morpheme opportuniste” (the opportunistic morpheme) which allows the adjective to regain its structural meaning.

2005-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Adjectif possessif français - essai d’une description ethnosémantique

Alicja Kacprzak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 41-49

A term category of possessivity belongs for sure to the group of the universal language categories. It probably exists in all the languages and it is concerned with the relations of ownership, which means the fact of beeing an owner or a property. This relationship may be expressed by different expression measures. The most important would be a possessive adjective. However, it seems its use in different languages is not submitted to the same logic, which proves that not only linguistic but also grammatical units in many languages serve to express different concepts. This article deals with the criterions of usage of the possessive adjective in French language. The analysed examples show a polisemy of this element of sentence, as an expression of the real ownership or different ways of connections.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Vers un modèle d’interprétation et de désambiguïsation sémantique des adjectifs dans des groupes nominaux (appliqué à la traduction automatique franco-polonais)

Izabella Thomas

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 127-148

This article lays down the basis of an automatic system of interpretation and disambiguation of adjectives (in those noun groups made up of a noun and an adjective), in order to create a machine translation system from French into Polish. It concerns in particular the semantics of adjectives according to their relation with the nouns they describe. Our intention is in fact to describe and predict the semantic compatibility between a noun and an adjective, and more exactly, to formulate the conditions which allow a correct interpretation of the meaning of an adjective in a noun group. This approach results in an algorithm for the semantic interpretation of the meaning of an adjective in a noun group, and, with regards to the machine translation system, in the construction of a language-independent relational intermediary representation.

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Représenter le sens d’un adjectif polysémique dans une perspective bilingue — la quête de l’équivalence

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 243-256

This study seeks to approach the problem of disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjective austère analyzed as a case of study, the author demonstrates that adjectives can have a few equivalents in the Polish language. Such multiple interpretations caused by polysemy can be a problem for the description of adjectives in lexicographical publications, as well as for translation. Correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights on the possibilities of using this terms in both languages. Differences between senses are often highly subtle and contextually determined, so the author makes use of the theory of classes of objects. This kind of complex description allows to select the correct equivalent in another language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between two languages.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Désambiguïsation des sens du prédicat adjectival farouche dans le cadre d’une approche orientée objets

Michał Hrabia

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 150-167

This article examines the French adjective farouche with the aim of disambiguating all its meanings. The methodology of this study is based on the object-oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś. The author seeks to find all the Polish equivalents of the word analyzed. The choice of equivalents is determined by the configuration of the object classes qualified by farouche and, possibly, by the frames in which the adjective in question appears. The results of the analysis are presented in the syntactic-semantic schemes with the contexts found in different databases (monolingual dictionaries, the Internet) and in the summary table. Finally, the author discusses the problem of the proper nouns qualified by farouche.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Ces substantifs qui sont parfois adjectifs en francais, espagnol et polonais

Mirosław Trybisz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 50-58

In natural languages, especially the Romance ones, there is a certain number of lexical units which can change their functions in certain contexts, although, traditionally speaking, they belong to specified grammatical categories. That is the case with nouns which, even in traditional grammars, are sometimes treated as adjectives. In his article Mirosław Trybisz presented this type of shift of grammatical category. The author concentrated his attention on the adjectives describing colours like: rose, chocolat, aubergine and the so-called noun phrases of the type une phrase La Bruyere. The author suggested that a series of tests should be conducted in order to prove that the degree of “adjectivisation” of nouns can vary.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le rôle du co-texte dans l’antonymie adjectivale

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2017 | Résumé | p. 240-251

This paper discusses the interpretation of antonymous adjectives. The example of the French adjective frais, analyzed in the paper on the basis of the object oriented approach, allows the Author to demonstrate that context is found to be highly discriminable in choosing an antonymic partner. A co-textual approach can overcome the inadequacies of classical dictionaries in the organization of the lexical structure of a language.

2017-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La sémantique des adjectifs et les questions d’équivalence linguistique entre le français et le polonais

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 174-185

The purpose of this article is to approach the problem of the disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjectives analyzed for the purpose of the present study, the author demonstrates that these items can have several equivalents in Polish.Such multiple possible interpretations pose a major problem for the description of polysemous items in lexicographical publications, as well as for automatic translation technology. The correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights into the possibilities of using these words in both the languages. To exactly pinpoint all the available senses of the analysed words and to find their equivalents, the author makes use of the object oriented approach. This kind of description allows us to select the best equivalent of a word in a target language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between the two languages.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Combinatoria sintáctico-semántica de algunos adjetivos de posterioridad en español, francés y polaco

Mirosław Trybisz

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2012 | Résumé | p. 252-260

The predicative adjectives are polysemic lexical units and the equivalent of translation depends on the use of the adjective, that is to say on their potential context, and not on their form. To solve the problem of polysemy it is necessary to observe all the possible uses according to the classes of objects that appear in the positions of arguments. The aim of the study is to present the syntactic-semantic properties of the adjectives siguiente in Spanish, suivant in French and następny in Polish.

2012-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’inchoatif et les moyens de son expression en francais

Ewa Ciszewska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 7-19

The aim of this article is a description of linguistic and grammatical ways of expressing inchoativity in contemporary French. Resigning from the traditional division into grammatical aspect and type of action (Aktionsart), the author treats the inchoative aspect as a complex structure consisting of a temporary concept and a constant one. The temporary concept holds a dominant position and is able to determine whether a given structure assumes a perfective aspect. In French the inchoative aspect may be expressed through many different forms like: inchoative verbal stems (x s’evanouit, x naquit, x rougit), derived reflexive forms of resultative verbal stems (x s'inquieta, x s’ouvrit), continuous verbal stems connected with a passe simple grammatical morpheme (x marcha, x chanta), constructions composed of a verb in passe simple and an adjective (x tomba malade, x devint rouge), constructions composed of a verb and an infinitive (x commenca a palir) as well as through various constructions composed of verbal forms in passe simple and nominal elements (x se mit a l’arrosage, prit peur, x eclata en sanglots, le soleil se teinta de rouge, le silence ecrasant regna d’un seul coup).

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’équivalence prédicative: le cas d’une racine prédicative

Inès Sfar

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 187-203

This article attempts to describe non-autonomous predicates in French according to the methodology of the LDI Laboratory. Starting from the idea that a predicate can have different forms (verb, adjective, noun, adverb, etc.) and that the description of this predicate should take into account these morphological variations, we have chosen the notion of predicative root which is presented as a factorization of all the linguistic properties (morphology, syntax and semantics) applied to all the uses of the predicates derived from the same root. The classification of these predicative roots is made on the basis of a predicative equivalence, defined by means of syntactical and semantic criteria.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Regards croisés sur l'adjectif

Adriana Orlandi

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 12-12-2023 | Résumé | p. 1-21

Dans cette étude, nous proposons un aperçu des principales questions abordées par Gaston Gross dans ses recherches sur la catégorie adjectivale. L'objectif de Gross était de créer un dictionnaire électronique des adjectifs destiné au traitement automatique du langage. Ses travaux visaient la recherche de critères d'identification et de description des différentes sous-classes d'adjectifs, ainsi que la description précise des signifiés de l'adjectif à l'aide de la notion d'"emploi". Nous aborderons quelques concepts clés de la Théorie des classes d'objets qui ont été appliqués à l'étude de l'adjectif. Il s'agit notamment de la notion de prédicat adjectival et d'emploi de l'adjectif. Nous tenterons de dresser un bilan des résultats obtenus par Gaston Gross, tout en abordant certaines questions critiques.

2023-12-12