Résultats de recherche

Revue: Neophilologica

Les ressources lexicales dans les langues contrôlées

Krzysztof Bogacki

Date de publication: 31-12-2010 | Résumé | p. 23-32

This article deals with the lexicon, which is an important part of controlled languages. It is designed so as to increase readability of texts written using this subset of language by reducing their ambiguity and complexity. It is shown that developing a controlled language lexicon by severely reducing its size, thus eliminating some lexemes and approving only some of the possible meanings leads to conflicts. Very often these arise between general grammatical principles governing a controlled language and the terms to be included in the lexicon.

2010-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Complexité lexicale: le substantif débat(s)

Gaston Gross

Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 9-24

The exclusively semantic definitions of the words found in different dictionaries present a simplified and distorted image of the lexicon. Paraphrasing a term gives it a meaning reduced to a small number of appropriate operators. A true semantic definition is significant only when we take into account all the predicates that characterize it. This is what we will highlight studying the combinatorics of the substantive débat with the set of verbs where it can appear in the position of subject or complement. A study in extension of the elements of the lexicon reveals an unsuspected complexity of the lexicon. The definitions found in dictionaries, necessarily reduced, give a simplified idea of lexemes. These are often “conceptual” definitions that are not supported by the presence of appropriate operators. Indeed, the definition of a substantive is the set of appropriate predicates that can be applied to it. Who could intuitively imagine that in French there are more than 800 appropriate verbs that co-occur with the substantive débat, and that there are almost as many appropriate adjectives as well. These observations emphasize the fact that the description of words must be internal to the system and not fall within “conceptual” definitions.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Dérivation propre: moyen linguistique de formation des termes (sur l’exemple des termes français du régime supplémentaire de retraite)

Liliana Kozar

Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 183-197

To avoid the gaps in the field of denomination and simultaneously to provide the communication needs, any specialist language offers neology strategies range — more or less systematic in relation to the general language — and can therefore borrow from foreign languages, overload semantically other words already functioning in the lexicon, or form new words by recombining the appropriate linguistic elements. The objective of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of morphological derivation within the French terminology in the field of individual retirement plans and, in particular, to list a number of affixes regularly participating in the formation of terms in this lexicon.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Is metonymy really more regular than metaphor? A first investigation into the French Lexicon

Lucie Barque

Date de publication: 12-12-2025 | Résumé | p. 1-24

Regular polysemy is considered more intrinsically linked to metonymy than to metaphor in both linguistic and psycholinguistic literature. Yet, on the one hand, metonymy exhibits varying degrees of regularity, and on the other hand, metaphor is also subject to polysemic regularity. This paper aims to assess the extent to which metonymy and metaphor exhibit regularity in the lexicon. Based on the analysis of lexicographic descriptions of a sample of nearly 3,000 French nouns, this study compares the regularity of polysemy patterns—defined as recurring sense alternations—within the two types of figures. While the findings confirm theoretical assumptions by identifying more regular metonymic patterns than regular metaphoric ones, they reveal, on average, no significant difference between metonymy and metaphor in terms of regularity. The resulting dataset is publicly available to allow further exploration of how regular polysemy emerges in the lexicon and its correlation with lexical figures.

2025-12-12



Revue: Neophilologica

Du problème de la description lexicographique des dénominations chromatiques

Svetlana Krylosova , Valentin Tomachpolski

Date de publication: 31-12-2016 | Résumé | p. 147-161

The purpose of this research is to clarify concepts of basic color terms, semantic class of color vocabulary and their classification according to the principle of derivation. The study is mainly centered on the ways color terms are perceived and described, especially on problems related to their lexicographic definition. The initial phase involves the study of methods to determine color terms in monolingual dictionaries. At the final phase, the Authors discuss the idea of a special description which is crucial for color lexicon as a language subsystem, for which five models of lexicographic definition are considered.

2016-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Questions de philosophie de la perception sous la loupe de la linguistique : regards croisés

Marco Fasciolo , Aude Grezka

Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 74-89

As part of Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics (1959 [1964]; 1992), we propose to explore the French lexicon (in synchrony) to clarify some aspects of our conceptual schemes concerning perception and sensation. Our goal is to identify the margins in which lexical semantics can provide a contribution to the philosophy of knowledge and perception. We will try to answer linguistically general theories of philosophy of perception.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Des perspectives rigoureuses pour la linguistique

Gaston Gross

Date de publication: 10-11-2021 | Résumé | p. 1-32

A reading of many recent publications shows that theoretical concerns in the field of linguistics have declined, even though the founders of the discipline all emphasised the central importance of its role. This article aims to show how linguistic description has progressed thanks to the different theoretical tools that have been developed in the course of research. From this point of view, this article illustrates the following facts: lexicon, semantics and syntax are not separate instances but together form the units that are sentences. The elements of sentences must be described in terms of the set of properties that characterise them. This is the case for regular sequences. Finally, one of the promising objectives consists in finding a reasoned classification of fixed sequences. Linguistics, like any science, cannot do without theoretical tools.

2021-11-10



Revue: Neophilologica

Définir pour apprendre et apprendre à définir : repenser la lexicographie pour l’enseignement des langues

Svetlana Krylosova

Date de publication: 11-12-2025 | Résumé | p. 1-38

Cet article explore le potentiel pédagogique du Dictionnaire actif de la langue russe dirigé par Ju.D. Apresjan, conçu dans le cadre de la lexicographie explicative et combinatoire (LEC) de Mel’čuk et de la Lexicographie active (LA) d'Apresjan. Au-delà de son usage comme ouvrage de référence, le Dictionnaire actif est envisagé comme une méthode permettant d’articuler lexique et grammaire dans l’enseignement du russe langue étrangère. Après un rappel des principes théoriques de la LEC–LA, l’article montre comment les définitions peuvent être adaptées à un usage pédagogique. Chaque cas illustre la simplification contrôlée des définitions, leur exploitation pour développer la compétence paraphrastique et la capacité à justifier les choix lexicaux en langue cible. L’approche proposée ouvre la voie à une intégration plus systématique de la méthodologie lexicographique dans la formation linguistique.

2025-12-11



Revue: Neophilologica

Análisis sintáctico-semántico del verbo ganar según el enfoque orientado a objetos

Agnieszka Palion-Musioł , Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 245-263

The article discusses the natural polysemy of the lexicon of natural languages, perceived as one of the major problems of automatic translation. It also presents a solution for the problem of disambiguation of ambiguous expressions — it pivots on the object-oriented description, enriched with a transfer of various possible translations in a target language taking into consideration possible ambiguity in a source language. Finally, the authors show differences in the representations of the world
in Polish and Spanish, using the example of some Polish renderings of the Spanish verb ganar.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le verbe support complexe: un actualisateur figé de la prédication non verbale

Dhouha Lajmi

Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 29-40

Any linguistic unit is described in the theoretical and methodological frame of the laboratory LDI — Lexique, Dictionnaires, Informatique (Lexicon, Dictionaries, Computing) according to one of three primary functions, namely predicate, argument or actualizer. The description of the syntactic-semantic functioning of these lexical items will be undertaken with the aid of a corpus of free sequences and motionless sequences. In this article we look into a sample of complex support verbs considered as motionless actualizers of the nominal predicates.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’approccio cognitivista e la coniazione di parole nuove in italiano — alcune riflessioni teoriche

Anna Godzich

Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 153-170

The paper investigates the cognitive approach to word formation in present-day Italian within a larger overview of lexical creativity and users’ competence. Various accounts of lexical creativity are reviewed. The aim of this work is to show the importance of changing cultural needs in word formation with a deeper insight into compounding. Moreover, the author emphasizes the fact that both lexicon and syntax are creative.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Les démarches et problèmes à résoudre dans les études comparatives — la prédication nominale en français et en polonais

Grażyna Vetulani

Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 340-351

Observations collected in this paper result from our research on predicate nominatives in French and Polish. We focus on: 1) definition of the concept of predication in French versus Polish language linguistic tradition, 2) methodological issues concerning data acquisition and description procedures; traditional versus computer-assisted methods, 3) evaluation of reference corpora used for acquisition of predicative nouns in both concerned languages, 4) format of lexicographical descriptions of predicative expressions.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’équivalence prédicative: le cas d’une racine prédicative

Inès Sfar

Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 187-203

This article attempts to describe non-autonomous predicates in French according to the methodology of the LDI Laboratory. Starting from the idea that a predicate can have different forms (verb, adjective, noun, adverb, etc.) and that the description of this predicate should take into account these morphological variations, we have chosen the notion of predicative root which is presented as a factorization of all the linguistic properties (morphology, syntax and semantics) applied to all the uses of the predicates derived from the same root. The classification of these predicative roots is made on the basis of a predicative equivalence, defined by means of syntactical and semantic criteria.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Désambiguïsation des sens des mots et représentation lexicale du monde

Wiesław Banyś

Date de publication: 31-12-2005 | Résumé | p. 57-76

Wiesław Banyś discussed the natural polysemy of the lexicon of natural languages, perceived as one of the major problems of the automatic translation. He also presented a solution for the problem of disambiguation of ambiguous expressions - it pivots on the object-oriented description, enriched with a transfer of various possible translations in a target language to the possible ambiguity of a source language. Finally, the author showed differences in the representations of the world in Polish and French, on the example of some Polish renderings of the French verb gagner.

2005-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Du paradigme vers le syntagme — l’antonymie adjectivale : quelques remarques

Magdalena Perz

Date de publication: 23-12-2020 | Résumé | p. 335-347

This paper raises and discusses the relation of antonymy in adjectives. Antonymy is considered to play an important role in organizing mental lexicon. This relation defined often in logical terms stands for paradigmatic relation, as presented in WordNet. However, the category of antonymous adjectives can depend on more than just the semantic qualities of a word. It is often highly context dependent. Adjectives have different interpretation depending on the noun they modify — it is no surprising that they produce different antonyms in different contexts. On the basis of few examples of investigations of antonymy, this paper argues that antonymy is not only a paradigmatic but also a syntagmatic relation. The paradigmatic-syntagmatic distinction is not always relevant to all antonymous adjectives.

2020-12-23



Revue: Neophilologica

Il genere grammaticale dei nomi: uno studio teorico-contrastivo in italiano e polacco

Agnieszka Latos

Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 234-250

The study focuses on grammatical gender primarily conceived as an inherent and classifying property of Italian and Polish nouns. Our main aim is to contrastively discuss multiple connections of this formal category with the grammar and semantics of the languages under examination. The grammatical gender is a complex and highly versatile theoretical construct. As a fixed and syntactically independent property of nouns, it formally contributes to the enrichment of lexical resources. As a co-regulator of morphosyntactic relations between sentence constituents, it plays an important role in the decoding of a sentence structure, and more globally, of the internal text structure.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’anti-exhaustivité comme fonction linguistique

Antonio Pamies

Date de publication: 13-11-2024 | Résumé | p. 1-27

De même que le lexique peut désigner certaines entités en distinguant leur totalité de leurs parties, la grammaire permet d'actualiser une catégorie sémantique dans le discours en affirmant, présupposant ou niant l'existence d'autres instances de celle-ci, en dehors de celles mentionnées dans l'énoncé. Nous proposons une analyse contrastive de cette fonction générale, que nous appelons l'anti-exhaustivité, dans une approche onomasiologique qui inclut à la fois son expression littérale et figurée, et ses implicatures pragmatiques.

Les traits linguistiques qui remplissent cette fonction sont variés et peuvent changer d'une langue à l'autre, mais il existe des relations typologiques cohérentes entre le partifif des langues finno-ougriennes occidentales et le basque, avec des correspondances assez stables avec le génitif et l'aspect verbal baltes et slaves, l'article partitif français et italien, l'article zéro des langues ibéro-romanes et les classificateurs du chinois mandarin.

2024-11-13



Revue: Neophilologica

Anglicisms in German – An Overview with Reference to the Neologismenwörterbuch in the Online-Wortschatz- Informationssystem Deutsch (OWID)

Sibilla Cantarini

Date de publication: 29-12-2023 | Résumé | p. 1-18

Neologisms indicate linguistic changes in the lexicon. Vocabulary is particularly prone to changes since language communities constantly need new words and phrases to denote new facts or circumstances or they require new expressions for concepts already established. New expressions are often borrowed from other languages. English has had a strong influence on German vocabulary in the last decades. Therefore, German has several English borrowings. These anglicisms differ in their degree of integration into the linguistic system and vary, for instance, with respect to usage, style, and diffusion in the language community. With the help of the Neologismenwörterbuch, it is possible to have an overview of neologisms of English origin in German that integrate different areas of language change.

2023-12-29



Revue: Neophilologica

Étude des prédicats nominaux dans le lexique de la perception visuelle

Aude Grezka

Date de publication: 20-12-2022 | Résumé | p. 1-36

In this paper, I analyse the noun forms derived from the prototypical verbs of visual perception, see and look. The descriptors used to process verbal polysemy must prepare the correspondence between verb classes and noun classes. This involves indicating whether perception verbs have nouns as associated forms. I also show that if the predicates and arguments are fundamental for the interpretation of the sentence, the actualizers are fundamental for its grammaticalization. The actualization will condition the reading of the nominal predicate. I show how this actualization will allow us to elaborate classes of predicates and thus to renew the approaches of polysemy.

2022-12-20