Résultats de recherche

Revue: Neophilologica

Les «verbes savonnettes»: frottements et glissements sémantiques

Christian Surcouf

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 122-139

In the semantic analysis of tenses, the term event is frequently used. For example, following Reichenbach (1947: 288), many studies mention three “points”, within which (E) represents the “point of the event”. Besides, after Martin (1985: 25), it is commonly considered —often implicitly— that “the duration of the utterance can […] ideally be reduced to an instant t0 [i.e. a point], […] since within the utterance, truth conditions remain unchanged”. However, events as well as utterances take time (cf. the use of “intervals “ by Gosselin, 1996). Here, I will analyze present tense utterances such as “le ballon franchit la ligne” (the ball crosses / is crossing the line), for which the described event (“achievement” for Vendler, 1957; “instant realisation” for Vetters, 1996) is shorter than the utterance that mentions it. I will show why the telic character (Garey, 1957) of achievements — unlike the other types of processes — makes it difficult to express an event contemporary to speech time since, contra against Martin’s (1985: 25) idealization, truth conditions vary throughout the utterance. Taking encoding as the basis (somewhat following Levelt, 1989), I will argue that truthcondition variation can naturally lead to the over-represented use of past tenses (Passé composé in French) in child language for the expression of telic events during early acquisition (cf. e.g. Wagner, 2009).

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

“Ah non, je ne parle pas anglais moi. Je suis française !” Une contribution à la typologie des pragmatèmes

Ruth de Oliveira

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 23-12-2020 | Résumé | p. 132-145

This work presents and discusses the development of the hypothesis according to which clitic doubling (pronominal reduplication), as seen in the sentence “Je ne parle pas anglais moi. / I do not speak English [me]”, has the fundamental structural and pragmatic parameters of the pragmatem (R. D e O l i v e i r a, 2018). Structural, because it is a compositional construction but selected as a whole by the speaker to respond to a communication goal associated with a precise utterance situation (G. F l é c h o n et al., 2012); pragmatic, since this device is a means of acting on the interlocutive context, allowing the accomplishment of a certain number of specific acts (I. M e l’č u k, 2013). In this sense, we argue that, like the pragmatem, the devise called French clitic doubling simultaneously has the following three characteristics, it is (i) fixed, (ii) compositional, and (iii) associated with a specific utterance situation.

2020-12-23



Revue: Neophilologica

Functions of Nominal Vocative Forms in Polish and French

Piotr Krzyżanowski

Langue: EN | Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 160-168

The article concerns a functional description of Polish nominal vocative forms and their equivalents in French. Due to typological differences, it is difficult to precisely indicate the French equivalents of Polish vocative forms. The most suitable in this respect are ‒ however characterized by functional criteria — nominal forms/terms of address (French terme d’adresse or forme nominale d’adresse). The basic function of the Polish nominal vocative forms and their French counterparts is addressing a listener directly as well as appealing to the addressee of an utterance (address function): determining to whom (or, alternatively, to what) an utterance is addressed. This function is accompanied by the intention to establish direct contact with the addressee. Vocative phrases with such an invariant function — the so-called proper appeals — serve the phatic function of language. Modification of the invariant function occurs in the case of the so-called conventional appeals, well-established polite forms used primarily to signal social relations between interlocutors, as well as conventionalised emotional relations. They are connected only with certain types of utterances: they are used as letter/email salutations, opening formulas for speeches and toasts, and as interludes in longer speeches. A significant complement to the functional invariant occurs in the case of the so-called predicative appeals. The vocative form then carries additional generic content, thus becoming an expressively marked declarative utterance, that characterises an addressee and is a carrier of emotions and evaluation on the part of a sender. In practice, it is extremely difficult to unambiguously define the functional character of vocative phrases, while analysing only their form.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Selon en tant que marqueur d’altérité énonciative et ses traductions en polonais dans un corpus de presse

Anna Dutka-Mańkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 57-70

To describe Polish equivalents of the structure selon X, we admit that the above structure is the marker of enunciative alterity: a person who enunciates, presents content as taken up of another source. Presentation of discourse was analysed in press articles published in Le Monde Diplomatique and translated into Polish. Modal markers revealed further to the analysis of the corpus are more numerous than those indicated in dictionaries. In a series of tests we brought to view the characteristics of zdaniem, według, wedle and zgodnie z which were subsequently given the names found in the corpus and divided into classes. Ultimately, we discussed modifications in enunciations, related by correlation with obliteration of selon X in the translation.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Remarques sur la traduction automatique et le contexte

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 253-267

The article discusses the role of a widely understood context, including frames and scripts, and utterances in text automatic translation. On the basis of several polysemic nouns of the French language analysed as an example, the author shows that in many cases of a lexicographic description following the object-oriented class presented by W. Banyś operators and attributes accompanying the above-mentioned nouns not always point to their proper equivalent in the target language. Therefore, it is the frame of an utterance that often happens to be the only criterion conditioning a correct interpretation and translation.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

A Pioneering Lexicographic Work: “New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms” by Jurij Apresjan

Lidija Iordanskaja

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2025 | Résumé | p. 1-16

The paper describes an innovative lexicographic product published in Moscow in the late 1990s—
Ju. Apresjan’s New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms [NEDRS]. NEDRS is essentially based on Apresjan’s theory of systemic lexicography and integral linguistic description. His introduction to NEDRS proposes several new important linguistic notions, such as lexicographic type, lexicographic portrait (of a lexeme), the dominant of a synonym series, etc. The main characteristic of NEDRS is the wealth and precision of the linguistic information supplied: thus, it specifies the referential and communicative status of the lexeme under consideration and its actants, the type of the speech act expressed, the capacity of constituting an independent utterance, etc.; in particular, it offers meticulous and exact analyses of semantic distinctions between synonyms. Such data were not provided before in other dictionaries. At the same time, NEDRS is extremely reader-friendly.

2025-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction du futur antérieur de probabilité en polonais

Ewa Ciszewska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 24-36

The future tense futur antérieur, in addition to other values, mainly temporary ones, may indicate probability. The article presents the result of the analysis of the Polish equivalents of this future tense. The analysis is based on the corpus of literary texts of 19th and 20th centuries translated into Polish. The futur antérieur is generally translated through the construction with the verb musieć, various opinion verbs and modal adverbs which indicate the degree of certainty of the speaker towards the contents of his utterance. The absence of the modal expression is possible only in interrogative clauses, in alternatives, with indefinite pronouns or when preceding verb indicates the probability.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’anti-exhaustivité comme fonction linguistique

Antonio Pamies

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 13-11-2024 | Résumé | p. 1-27

De même que le lexique peut désigner certaines entités en distinguant leur totalité de leurs parties, la grammaire permet d'actualiser une catégorie sémantique dans le discours en affirmant, présupposant ou niant l'existence d'autres instances de celle-ci, en dehors de celles mentionnées dans l'énoncé. Nous proposons une analyse contrastive de cette fonction générale, que nous appelons l'anti-exhaustivité, dans une approche onomasiologique qui inclut à la fois son expression littérale et figurée, et ses implicatures pragmatiques.

Les traits linguistiques qui remplissent cette fonction sont variés et peuvent changer d'une langue à l'autre, mais il existe des relations typologiques cohérentes entre le partifif des langues finno-ougriennes occidentales et le basque, avec des correspondances assez stables avec le génitif et l'aspect verbal baltes et slaves, l'article partitif français et italien, l'article zéro des langues ibéro-romanes et les classificateurs du chinois mandarin.

2024-11-13



Revue: Neophilologica

La conceptualisation métaphorique dans les proverbes

Jingyao Wu

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 26-11-2024 | Résumé | p. 1-15

Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en évidence le fait que les langues reflètent différentes représentations du monde et que la diversité linguistique entraîne une diversité de visions, permettant ainsi des comparaisons entre leurs traits communs et distinctifs. Il se concentre sur les langues française et chinoise, utilisant les proverbes comme exemple de cette dualité entre sagesse universelle et particularité locale. Les parémiologues identifient souvent la métaphore comme un critère clé de cette forme d’expression. Si la métaphore est traditionnellement et dans la plupart des cas étudiée comme une figure de style, elle constitue également une expression d’une vision du monde, intégrant à la fois des aspects intellectuels, spirituels et de l’expérience quotidienne. Le concept de métaphore conceptuelle, popularisé dans les années 1980, nécessite une systématicité empirique pour être pertinent, révélant ainsi des stéréotypes socio-anthropologiques. L’hypothèse avancée dans cet article est que ces métaphores conceptuelles, par leur présence dans un type d’énoncé doté d’une ample circulation - les proverbes, peuvent révéler un mode de pensée et un outil d’argumentation propres à une communauté spécifique ou de portée universelle.

2024-11-26