https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP <p align="justify">"Political Preferences" (e-ISSN: 2449-9064)&nbsp;is a semi-annual open access scientific journal with a social science profile that shows an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of electoral behavior, particularly the factors determining political identifications. Until 2015 journal was published as "Preferencje Polityczne" (p-ISSN: 2083-327X; e-ISSN: 2449-9064, from no. 6/2013 "Political Preferences" functioned as parallel title). The editorial team is open to collaboration with various research centers in Central and Eastern European countries. The journal is published by the Institute of Political Science at the University of Silesia and the Center for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Development Foundation of the University of Silesia. <strong>From 2019 Political Preferences&nbsp;is the official journal of the <a href="https://www.cepsanet.org/journals.html">Central European Political Science Association (CEPSA)</a>.</strong> Since 2017 the journal has been published only in the electronic version. All articles are published under&nbsp;the&nbsp;Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).&nbsp;</p> Centrum Innowacji, Transferu Technologii i Rozwoju Fundacja Uniwersytetu Śląskiego en-US Political Preferences 2449-9064 <p><strong>The Copyright Owners of the submitted texts grant the Reader the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.<br><br></strong>1. License<br><br>The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/</a>). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.<br><br>2. Author’s Warranties<br><br>The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.<br><br>If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".<br><br>ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).<br><br>3. User Rights<br><br>Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.<br><br>4. Co-Authorship<br><br>If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.<br><br>I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.</p> https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP/article/view/15144 <p>Ukrainian society is undergoing rapid transformational changes. The authors attempted to identify the main behavioral strategies before the war as well as possible changes in the following years. Attempting to recognize the most prevalent behavior in society, the interaction and attitude of students during the exam were taken into consideration. The student group includes representatives of various regions in proportionate numbers. The research is based on the simulation of the interaction of different groups in society by means of game theory and programming. The study proposes using Schumpeter market disturbances and ‘Nash disequilibrium’ to invigorate the current ineffective system. It has been shown that pre-war Ukrainian society exhibited a very high level of collusion. The interim conclusions were tested using Axelrod’s tournament algorithms and strategies. A simulation of the cooperative equilibrium in Ukrainian society during the pre-war period was demonstrated. The study also contains important predictions about the changes in the institutional environment in the aftermath of the war in Ukraine.</p> Ihor Hurnyak Oleksandra Struk Anna Hrytsyshyn ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 31 1-2 5 30 10.31261/polpre.2023.1.5-30 https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP/article/view/15598 <p>The aim of this article is to analyse Emmanuel Macron's 2017 and 2022 election campaigns. The first part of the article focuses on Macron's 2017 campaign, taking into account elements specific to election campaigns, such as election slogans, social media activity, the electoral programme, television debates, and describes the main themes of the election campaign, along with a discussion of the results of the first and second rounds of the election. An analogous analysis is then presented in relation to the 2022 election campaign. The issue of the war in Ukraine and its role for the campaign taking place at the same time is highlighted. The paper concludes by considering the differences noted in the two campaigns run by the leader of the En Marche!/ Renaissance.</p> Paulina Pruchnicka ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 31 1-2 31 46 10.31261/polpre.2023.1.31-46 https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP/article/view/15772 <p>The motivation for the analysis is the European Year of Skills 2023 announced by the European Commission. The mian purpose of the article is to show the problems of the contemporary functioning of European science cooperation policy. Knowledge in a broad sense, including scientific and expert knowledge, is increasingly important in the process of political decision-making. The article presents the evolution of the approach and spread of the European Uniosą activity in the internal and external dimensions of its science policy. The authors analyzed the operational tools of European Union’s (EU) scientific cooperation, which include the European Universities Initiative, Erasmus+ and Horizon Europe programs. The following research methods were used to achieve this goal: case studies, statistical analysis and analysis of sources such as policy documents, normative acts, university rankings, available scientific literature and Internet sources. The subjects of the study are "European universities" – members of alliances: Transform4Europe and The 4 EU+ Alliance, subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis.</p> Kacper Mateusz Skalmierski Zuzanna Czernicka ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-09-28 2023-09-28 31 1-2 47 64 10.31261/polpre.2023.1.47-64