Search Results

Journal: Political Preferences

Wyborcy polskich partii politycznych wobec problemu rozwarstwienia społecznego

Łukasz Tomczak

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Polish political parties voters and social stratification problem

Article refers to the ratio of the party and their constituents facing the problems of social stratification. The analysis underwent voters of elections to the European Parliament and election to the local governments 2014. There were considered five Polish parties: Platforma Obywatelska, Prawoi Sprawiedliwość, Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Nowa Prawica of Janusz Korwin-Mikke. The respondents’ preferences were also examined in the relation to the place on the political scene declared by them and defining accordingly as left wing, right wing and centre. It was questioned whether differences in income between rich and poor in Poland are too large and whether the state should seek to reduce income inequalities of citizens. For the voters of most of the parties income differences were too high. The voter majority also believed that the state was to reduce the differences. The majority of opponents of the state involvement was only in the group of voters of Nowa Prawica. The views of voters slightly differed in the context of left and right division.







Key words:
polish party system, social stratification, left and right

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Społeczne postrzeganie metody door-to-door

Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

Public Perception of the Door-to-Door Method

The present text discusses the opinions of the Poles on the method of conducting the election campaign, which consists in the election candidate or his/her representative directly visiting homes of voters (the door-to-door method). The objective of the study described in this article was to find out whether the door-to-door method is regarded by voters as helpful to the candidate in the election and to what extent the voters are inclined to receive at their homes the candidate conducting the election campaign.

 

Key words:

door-to-door method, election campaign

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Marketing Communication of Selected Conservative and Liberal Parties in Slovak Region before Elections

Denisa Jánošová , Renáta Bundzíková

Language: EN | Published: 02-07-2020 | Abstract | pp. 27-40

Through a democratically set system of state functioning, political parties are given space for their establishment and subsequent functioning. Nowadays, registering new parties is not an issue in Slovakia, but another issue arises - most political parties cannot attract voters, and as a result they lose general sympathy and also necessary votes in elections. For a political party to become known to its voters, it needs to address and subsequently implement techniques of political marketing. Reaching and gaining voters is essential for a political party to continue to exist. By using marketing communication in its election campaign, a political party can succeed more than the one that has not used them. Therefore to adequately address its voters, a political party has to know their social, cultural, economic as well as religious background. The political party must also pay attention to the creation of an election program that appeals to voters. However, a political party should choose such proper communication channels through which it will be able to attract its supporters. The presented paper deals with the issue of using / not using marketing communication before the parliamentary elections in 2020 in selected Slovak conservatively and liberally oriented political parties in the Trenčín region. The authors present their findings on the basis of the analysis of marketing communication tools, as well as formuate research questions that helped them meet the research goal, in particular, whether selected political parties used/did not use specific marketing communication tools in their election campaign in 2020.

2020-07-02



Journal: Political Preferences

Siła celebrytów w kampanii wyborczej

Tomasz Olczyk

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

The strength of celebrities in the election campaign

The article presents analysis of perceptions of electoral chances of celebrity candidates, and opinions about influence of celebrity endorsements on voters decisions among voters in the 2014 European Parliament elections and local elections in the same year in Poland.From 30% up to 50% of electorates of all except one party agree with the preposition that celebrities have bigger chances to win elections than traditional politicians. The only exception are voters of New Right of Janusz Korwin-Mikke. Up to 57% of electorates tend to agree with claims that celebrity endorsement have significant influence on voters decision. In this case neither party identification nor declared ideology is significant differentiator. These findings interpreted in terms of the low information rationality theory suggest that utilisation of celebrity in electoral campaings my serve as an important cue for a low information voters.

Key words:
celebrity politician, celebritization, celebrities, election campaign

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Lithuanian Election 2016:the Mainstream Left and Right Rejected by Voters Angry with the Establishment

Virgis Valentinavicius

Language: PL | Published: 20-07-2017 | Abstract

In the 2016 Lithuanian parliamentary election the established political parties suffered an unexpected andcrippling defeat at the hand of the Lithuanian Peasant and Green Union (Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga, LVŽS), a populist one-size-fits-all formation. The traditionalmessage of the establishment parties to take care of the economy, to advance foreign investment and improve business climate did not appealto voters, while the LVŽS made a pointof talking about issues people wanted to hear: the need to tackle social exclusion and poverty; to addresstheprivileged position of big business; to fight endemic corruption; to deal with the underfunding of education and culture. The electoral message of the winner combines the hard left promise of radical change on socioeconomic issues and the far right conservative approachto identity politics, human rights, minority rights, gender equality, and refugees. The LVŽS did its best to look as an anti-establishment, anti-party politics force, a loose and wide amalgam of contrastingpersonalities and contradicting messages. At the same time, the major factor behind the ‘revolutionary’ victory for radical change seems to be the inability of the mainstream parties to sense the change of sentiment of the electorate and to addressthe growing grievances of the public. The Lithuanian anti-establishment revolt is being compared with Donald Trump’s victory in the US, Brexit in the UK, Poland after the last election in 2015, and Hungary under Victor Orban.

 

Key words:

Lithuanian politics, Lithuanian election, party politics, populism, establishment, radicalism

2017-07-20



Journal: Political Preferences

The overview of the Presidential Primary campaign of Bernie Sanders: the analysis of his political background and the influence of celebrity endorsement and social media on voters.

Norbert Tomaszewski

Language: EN | Published: 20-07-2017 | Abstract

Bernie Sanders became the phenomenon of this year's Presidential Primary campaign in the Democratic Party. In order to analyse his road to success, I have decided to focus on three main factors, that helped him conquer on an equal level with Hillary Clinton: his political background, the social media activity of his campaign staff and the celebrity endorsement. The aim of this article is to show, how in the 21st century, the role of the traditional media during the campaign is weakened by the influence of the Internet 2.0 tools. The work also focuses on the behaviour of the American voters and what impact does the regular internet use have on them.

 

Key words:

Internet 2.0, political marketing, voter behaviour, celebrity endorsement, Democratic Party, social media, political campaigns

2017-07-20



Journal: Political Preferences

Impacts and effectiveness of negative political advertising in Czech environment

Jarolav Svetlik

Language: EN | Published: 01-12-2016 | Abstract

Negative political advertising and its effectiveness has always been concern of not only political scientists, but also sociologists and marketing experts. This specific form of advertising is also increasingly used in the Czech political environment. The author focused on the answers to the questions, what are the effects of this form of political advertising from the perspective of persuasive linear models, whichis actuallycognition, emotion and conative/voting behavior. Based both on international research carried out in this area and facts from Czech republic, he notes that voters perceive this form of advertising as one that offers them more information, attract a greater degree of attention and more trust than in the case of positive advertising. From emotional effects point of view, this form of political advertising is often followed by disgust, fear and other negative reactions. Which are, however, strong appealsthat subsequently bring some negative effects in voter`s conative/behavioral activities. These include in particular the reluctance to vote, negative public sentiment and escalating political cynicism. In the evaluation of the effectiveness of negative political campaigns shouldalso be taken into account their cultural environment. What could be effective in the US may not be very effective in countries with different cultural values given by their historical development and by existingcultural dimensions of these countries.

 

Key words:

political campaign, negative political campaign, political advertising, negative advertising

2016-12-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Makiawelizm jako osobowościowy predyktor zachowań wyborczych

Irena Pilch

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2011 | Abstract

Individual characteristics of voters and candidates assume greater importance in politi- cal discourse. Personality traits of voters become decisive for political choice. It is possible that people vote for candidates whose personality traits match their own traits. The main aim of the investigation was to test the relationship between voters' Machiavellianism and self-reported voting behavior in presidential and municipal elections in 2010, and between voters' Machiavellianism and voting preferences in national elections. The evidence confirms that Ma- chiavellianism is associated with voting and preferences for particular parties and candidates. There is a relationship between Machiavellianism and electorial participation.

2011-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Sześcioczynnikowy model osobowości jako narzędzie analizy osobowościowych różnic pomiędzy grupami wyborców

Irena Pilch

Language: PL | Published: 01-03-2013 | Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare personality profiles of groups of voters varying in ideological and political preferences. A six-dimensional model of personality (HEXACO) and lexical approach to the study of personality structure were used. The results showed that lower Agreeableness and higher Conscientiousness distinguished right-wing voters from other groups. Lower Extraversion characterized the group of voters who did not establish their ideological preferences. The group of centrist voters did not show distinct individuality in respect to personality. Personality traits distinguishing supporters of PiS are characteristic of right-wing voters and traits distinguishing supporters of PO are characteristic of left-wind voters but both groups of voters were similar in relatively high Conscientiousness. The results of the research showed some personality traits which characterized supporters of PSL, RP and SLD.

2013-03-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Pro-systemic Voters Versus Anti-systemic Ones: Emotional Attitude to Candidates and the Influence of TV Political Advertising in the 2015 Presidential Election in Poland

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-06-2015 | Abstract

Presented article is aimed at examining the emotional attitudes to candidates for the president of Poland among pro-systemic and anti-systemic voters in 2015 presidential election and showing the influence of campaign TV ads on these groups of Polish electorate. The research conducted by author reveals that anti-systemic electorate is less interested in politics and more likely to be influenced by electoral TV spots. The study also confirms the relation between emotional attitudes to political actors and political preferences. According to the results of experiment anti-systemic voters expressed more positive feelings towards candidates from out of the political mainstream, and the other way round, the pro-systemic electorate rather liked the candidates presented by parliamentary parties.

 

Key words:
political  advertising,  electoral  TV  ads,  emotional  attitude,  feelings  thermometer, 2015 presidential election in Poland, anti-systemic voters

2015-06-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Wartości podstawowe a preferencje ideologiczne i decyzje wyborcze w wyborach do Sejmu 2011

Irena Pilch

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in examining the impact of in- dividual characteristics of voters (personality traits, attitudes and personal values) on a political choice. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between voters> basic values, their political orientation and voting behavior in Polish national election in 2011. Personal values were treated as a cognitive representations of desirable, abstract goals. According to Schwartz>s theory, there are 10 basic, universal values (power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self- direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security), organized into four higher-level types (conservation, openness to change, self-transcendence and self-enhance- ment). To assess the participants> basic values, the Schwartz>s Portrait Value Questionnaire was used. Comparisons between the groups of voters were made using the ANOVA method and the Tukey>s post-hoc tests. The results of the study indicate that right-wing voters scored higher in tradition, conformity and benevolence and lower in self-direction, achievement, stimulation and hedonism than left-wing and centre voters. Voters> political party preferences were as- sociated with distinct value profiles. According to the results of the research, voters> personal values can be important for understanding and predicting voting behavior.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Władza despotyczna czy demokracja? Partie i wyborcy wobec demokracji w „rządów silnej ręki”

Łukasz Tomczak

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2014 | Abstract

The article concerns the attitudes of parties and their voters towards democracy and support for a "strong-arm government". The research included the five largest Polish civil parties Platforma Obywatelska RP (Civic Platform RP), Prawo I Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice), Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (Democratic Left Alliance), Twój Ruch (Your Movement), and Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People's Party). The results confirmed that, on the one hand, voters acknowledge democracy as the best political system for Poland; however, on the other hand, a substantial part of them longs for strong authorities. Supporting democracy, they advocate a "strong-arm government". Among left-wing voters, there is three times more proponents of such governments than persons acknowledging another political system as better than democratic one. In the case of political scene centre voters, the number of "strong-arm government" proponents amounts to over four times the number of democracy critics. Nearly half of the right-wing voters supported the "strong-arm government", and every fifth of them did not acknowledge democracy as the best political system. Proponents of democracy dominate in electorates of all parties. Groups in which their advantage over opponents is clearly the smallest include: PiS-voters, persons who declared the will to vote for another formation, and persons who did not want to participate in the elections. Among the PiS-voters, nearly three times more supported "strong-arm government" than opposed it. Among the voters of PO, SLD, and Your Movement, there were more opponents of a "strong-arm government" than its proponents. One may assume that a formation critical towards democracy and favorable towards reinforcement of authority of a strong, charismatic leader could gain among the right-wing voters. It may partially explain why did the KongresNowejPrawicy (Congress of the New Right) receive substantial support in the elections to the European Parliament. KNP criticizes the modern democracy and its leader favorably talked about activities of politicians who apply the methods of a "strong-arm government". On the left side of the political scene there are no premises for the emergence of a political force based on similar views and having greater support.

2014-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

European Elections in Croatia

Tihomir Cipek

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2014 | Abstract

This text discusses the results of European elections in Croatia. It reaches the conclusion that voters, unhappy with the economic situation, punished the ruling social democratic coalition which suffered a heavy defeat. On the other hand, election results prove the recovery of HDZ, the opposition, centre-right party. It is also obvious that most Croatian citizens do not believe that European elections are important enough to warrant voting. Euroscepticism in Croatia is on the rise because citizens see no obvious benefits from joining the European Union. On the contrary, it is becoming increasingly clear that, in its first year as a member, Croatia will pay more funds into EU budget than it will receive from it. It is evident that direct elections of European Parliament members did not succeed in strengthening EU's legitimacy in the eyes of Croatian voters, and that European elections are actually of secondary importance.

Key words:
European elections, Croatia, European Union, Euroscepticism

2014-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Opinie w sprawie zmian w polskim systemie politycznym

Robert Paweł Alberski

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

The opinions on changes in the Polish political system

In Poland, after 27 years of democracy, a discussion about changes in political system have been started. The public opinion researches shows not only lack of trust to the political institutions but also negative feelings towards most of them. The goal of the article is to analyse the preferences of each electorate in presidential and parliament elections in 2015 about two ideas: extending Presidential power and decreasing the number of Parliaments Members. Supporting the idea of increasing President’s rights are Andrzej Duda and Paweł Kukiz voters in presidential election, Law and Justice, Kukiz’15 committee and also small electoral committees electorate, people who don’t participate in the elections and also people declaring right wing political views. In all researches supporters of the idea to decrease number of Parliament Members are prevailing. The biggest support for it can be found among Paweł Kukiz followers in the first term presidential election and also in electoral committee Kukiz’15 in parliament election. They can also be found in those political parties and committees followers, which received small number of votes in the election and in people who didn’t take part in presidential and parliament election.

 

Key words:

presidential elections in 2015, parliamentary elections in 201, the constitutional powers of the president, reducing the number of deputies

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Prawo do udziału w wyborach na szczebl lokalnym jako forma partycypacji politycznej imigrantów Polska na the innych krajów europejskich.

Monika Trojanowska-Strzęboszewska

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2013 | Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of immigrants' participation in the elections on a local level as a display of political activity and the means of integration of the country and its migrants. Assuming the European-wide perspective it is noticeable that given countries differentiate in the level of enabling immigrants to participate in the political life. In Scandinavia and several north European countries there is the highest rate of immigrants' participation, on the other hand, in the countries that joined the EU in 2004 the rate is the lowest. In 20l0 immigrants without the EU citizenship were able to run for the local elections in l3 European countries and they had the voting right in l9 countries. In Poland only the EU citizens are allowed to participate in the elections. The research into the legal solutions enabling immigrants (especially those who are not from the EU) to acquire more voting rights proved to have interesting results. The research has shown that over a half of the people willing to parti- cipate in the parliamentary elections is for granting the voting rights to immigrants. According to the research among the electorates, the substantial percen- tage of the Platforma Obywatelska voters proved to be in favor of granting the voting rights to immigrants. Less support is displayed by the potential voters of SLD and Ruch Palikota. Furthermore, the majority of the PiS voters is against the immigrants' participation in the local elections. Finally, the results of the research show that voters perceive differently the problem of granting immi- grants the right to vote versus the right to stand for the elections. Although the first one is accepted by the majority of voters, the latter - not so much.

2013-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

The Influence of the National Political Scene on the Behavior of Local Politicians and Voters in Polish Local Elections in 2018

Joanna Kozierska

Language: EN | Published: 15-08-2019 | Abstract | pp. 5-21

Polish local elections in 2018, many months before their commencement, became one of the main elements of the political discourse. Due to the specificity of the electoral calendar, for the first time since the parliamentary and presidential elections in 2015, voters had to assess the actions taken by the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) in the electoral act. Of course, this could only happen indirectly, precisely through local  elections, which due to their specificity, are not able to fully reflect the balance of powers that operates on the national arena. However, also in this way voters could refer to national events. Expressing support for them by voting on PiS, or by showing negations of their actions by voting for groups remaining in opposition. The aim of the paper is to check whether, in the perception of voters, events on the national political arena determine the behavior of two types of participants in local elections: local politicians  and voters.

2019-08-15



Journal: Political Preferences

Voters in the face of election mechanism and scope of leaders authority in Polish political parties

Łukasz Tomczak

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2013 | Abstract

The article refers to the ratio of voters to choose the method and scope of leaders authority in the Polish political parties such as the Law and Justice party, Civic Platform, Polish Peasant Party, Palikot's Movement and the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). Most party leaders are elected by indirect suffrage. From the test batches only the leader of SLD had been once directly selected. The majority of respondents (both left-wing, right-wing and centrist) supported the idea of direct selection. However more often, a direct dial is in favor of left-wing voters. The scope of formal power increases with the leaders of the party from the left to the right point of the political spectrum. The subjects were different approach to the scope of authority of leaders. More left-wing voters were in favor of limiting their rights, right-wing supporters were often in favor of making authority leaders stronger. Internal regulations of the studied formations correspond to the expectations of voters as to the extent of its formal powers. However, differ as to the expected pattern of choice.

2013-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Upartyjnienie versus personalizacja jako czynniki determinujące zachowania wyborcze w krajowych elekcjach w 2015 roku

Dominik Szczepański

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

Party-dependency versus personalization as the factors determining voting behaviour in national elections in 2015

The aim of the article was to present factors that determined voting behaviour of citizens in national elections in 2015 in the perspective of party and personal attitudes of the interviewees. Except for presenting conclusions that result from the course of the research process in the aforementioned range, also the elements that could have affected eventual responses of the interviewees were indicated. These include changes at the position of PO (civic platform) leaders, appearance of new political entities (Ryszard Petru’s Nowoczesna, Together Party, Kukiz 15), or unification processes on the political right, and partially on the left. Personal conflicts and ways of conducting the campaign that could have affected attitudes of voters were also indicated.

A complement to logical conclusions from the conducted research in the perspective of party and personal determinants of voting preferences were also analyses of whether election posters and billboards should be put in the areas that belong to churches. From the perspective of political options supported by citizens, and their attitudes towards the role of Church during electoral campaigns, the analysis of this phenomenon led to interesting conclusions.

 

Key words:

elections behaviour, presidential elections, parliamentary elections, personalization, electoral, Poland




2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Personal values, perceptions of unfairness in social exchange and happiness among young voters and non-voters in Poland

Irena Pilch , Lidia Baran

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2013 | Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in phenomenon of poor political activity among young adults, manifested in large percentage of non-voters and politically non-engaged individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between voting behaviour and political preferen- ces of young adults and their hierarchy of basic personal values, global subjec- tive happiness and evaluations of fair and unfair treatment in social exchange. The results of the study indicate firstly, that the most important values were power, conformity and tradition, secondly, that the non-voters evaluated hedonism lower and security higher than the voters and thirdly, that value profiles for five groups of voters differed in preferences of conformity, tradi- tion, security and hedonism. There were no significant differences between voters and non-voters in respect of global subjective happiness and evalu- ations of fair and unfair treatment. However, significant differences in these variables occured between electorates of specified political parties. The fin- dings of the current research provide a psychological characteristic of young adults in terms of basic values, subjective happiness and perception of unfa- irness, allowing also to identify some of the possible indicators of poor poli- tical activity in this group.

2013-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

„Zjednoczeni dla Śląska” - Upper-Silesians support for regional initiative

Anna Muś

Language: EN | Published: 20-07-2017 | Abstract

Upper Silesia region is recognised as particular due to the forms of social and political behaviour of part of its residents. Upper-Silesians, as ethnic group having strong conviction about their separateness, build political affiliation based on the conflict centre – periphery, at least to some extent. This is certainly true for protagonist of Silesian regional movement, but this article deals with the problem whether voters act similarly. Moreover the article study to some extend the possibility of creation of ethnoregionalist party in the future and what kind of consequences this may have on the politics in the region.




Key words:

regionalist party, ethnoregionalist party, proto-party, Upper Silesians, Upper Silesia

2017-07-20



Journal: Political Preferences

The Political Image of Left-wing Leaders in Poland: How Young Voters Evaluate the Politicians from Different “Political Generations”

Maciej Marmola , Krzysztof Darmoń

Language: EN | Published: 01-09-2022 | Abstract | pp. 5-18

In recent decades political activity has become more and more personalized. Thus, to achieve political success, it is necessary to have a recognizable and popular party leader. Polish left-wing parties have adopted a different strategy. Instead of betting on one leader, they promote “three tenors” from different political generations (Robert Biedroń, Włodzimierz Czarzasty, and Adrian Zandberg). The aim of our study (N=379) is to diagnose how voters perceive the political images of these left-wing leaders and what feelings they have towards them. We confirm the findings from other studies suggesting the effect of political preferences and ideological orientation on the perception of political image and emotional attitudes to party leaders.

2022-09-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Wybór opcji czy osoby? Determinanty zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2014 r. w świetle badań empirycznych

Dominik Szczepański

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Selecting the person? Determinants of voting behavior inhabitants of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in elections to the European Parliament in 2014 in the light of empirical research

The aim of the article was to present factors influencing voting behaviours of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship citizens during European Parliament elections in 2014, in the light of the conducted empirical research. The indicators that guided voters when casting votes to ballot boxes were analysed on the basis of a set of variables, such as: the attractiveness of election programmes and political parties, competences of candidates, the role of the Catholic Church during the election campaign, or the awareness of voters (self-reliance in making electoral decisions or its lack). The analysis and interpretations from the conducted research were preceded by a voting description of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, treated, on a electoral map of Poland, as a specific region due to its above average support given to candidates and parties of right-wing provenance. In the final part conclusions drawn from the analytical process were presented.

Key words:
personalization, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, European Parliament elections, voting behaviour

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Przywódcy polskich partii politycznych

Łukasz Tomczak

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2011 | Abstract

The article concerns the place of a leader In a party, their statutory competences and the vot- ers' evaluation of a party and its leader: is the present leader fulfilling their role in the expected way, would the leader change improve the voters' perception of the party, would they vote on the party if the present leader resigned. The leader position in a party is due to the respect which is given to the leader or to statute of the party. The research involves four biggest Polish Parties: Platformę Obywatelska RP, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Sojusz Lewicy demokratycznej and Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe. The statute analyze proves that from voters' point of view the more powerful becomes and more competences gets a leader whose party is more on the right side of the parliament. despite the fact that the voters do not realize the formal side of the leadership, their evaluation of the party is combined with the scale of a leader's competences set in a party statute. The vot- ers' evaluations of leaders have confirmed the leader's formal basis, although the evaluations were more in respect to the personality and charisma. the right side parties leaders are evaluated as strong personalities by their own voters. in the research the vorters evaluated the leaderships of their parties in a respectably positive way and did not want to change them.

2011-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Economic voting in Poland from the perspective of declaration of voters

Karolina Tybuchowska-Hartińska

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2013 | Abstract

The presented analysis related to the Polish specificity of preferences in economic voting and to the dynamics of relations between economic situation and political assessment. The analyzed studies show clearly that voters take into account the economic situation in the country irrespective of supporting a parti- cular party - 'definitely yes' or 'rather yes'(from 75% for Palikot Movement to 79% for PSL). The issue is less important to those respondents who declare elec- toral absenteeism (60,4%). When considering economic program of a candidate or a political party, this is the electorate of the Democratic Left Alliance who definitely pay to it a lot of attention (87,1%). Regardless of declared ideolo- gical views and a party support, the respon- dents pay more attention to the economic program of a candidate/ a party than to the condition of the national economy, and it especially refers to those voters who declare themselves as right wingers (the left +5,7%; the centre +4,3; the right +9%). To sum up, it can be stated that regardless of an adopted criterion (of elec- torates of particular parties or ideological views), about % of the voters declare taking into account the economic situation of the country or the economic program of a candidate / a political party as the factor which has an impact on their votes.

2013-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Polish Presidential Election 2015 in the light of first and second order election conception

Wojciech Peszyński

Language: EN | Published: 01-12-2016 | Abstract

Among all the elections organized in Poland, presidential ones are not only the most frequently attended by the voters, but also most eagerly investigated by the researchers. However, the studies concerning the importance of this particular voting is not often examined. On the one hand, there are arguments to classify it as first-order election, on the other, for certain reasons they ought to be regarded as second-order.The aim of this article is to answer the question whether 2015 Polish presidential election were of first or rather second-order importance. In his analysis, the author focused on the following issues: personal strategies, programme strategies, the course of the campaign in the traditional and new media, the level of electoral participation and the influence of the election on the course and outcome of the parliamentary campaign.

 

Key words:

Polish presidential election 2015, first order election, second order election

2016-12-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Lithuanian Polish Political Party in Parlamentary Elections 2016 in Lithuania

Gediminas Kazėnas

Language: PL | Published: 20-07-2017 | Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present the analysis of the election results of  Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija-Kriščioniškų šeimų sąjunga (LLRA-KŠS, Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania-Christian Families Alliance) in Lithuania’s Parliamentary elections 2016. The article contains a short review of the development of Lithuanian-Polish relationship. Several new events took place before Parliamentary elections 2016 and had certain impact on elections. First of all, constituency borders were changed in Lithuania what in general was very useful for LLRA-KŠS. Secondly, geopolitical and security situation in Russia changed dramatically because of its aggression in Ukraine and it also revealed prokremlin’s orientation of LLRA-KŠS that in turn had a very negative impact on the party’s image. Probably due to this LLRA-KŠS received about 10 thousand less votes. This drop was most significant in Vilnius city but had an immaterial effect in the constituencies controlled by LLRA-KŠS. Nevertheless, these elections reveal another important fact that voters in Vilnius district value not only candidates' nationalities (as it might be expected) but also their origin and bonds with local communities.




Key words:

Lithuania, election 2016, Lithuanian Poles, Lithuanian Polish party, Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania-Christian Families Alliance

2017-07-20



Journal: Political Preferences

Uwarunkowania społeczno-polityczne wyborców parlamentarnych w Polsce w 2011 roku

Anna Leszczuk-Fiedziukiewicz

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

The present article aims to describe socio-political context which has proceeded be- fore parliamentary election 2011 in Poland. It draws attention to the perception of parties and candidates and political preferences those voters who are interested in election. There are many voices the polish politicians activity in campaign takes places in divided country. One of the social expectations is connected with exploration of plane crash in Smoleńsk on April 10th 2010). Public opinion is focused on critic of government and leader's party (PO) Donald Tusk who is treated as a persona personally responsible for death oh 96 persons in a plane crash. On the other hand we can see strong activity and leadership of monk Tadeusz Rydzyk, tried to put impact on voters (PiS). Rydzyk tries to use catholic radio called „Radio Maryja" to political agitation. The activity of Catholic Church in political campaign was one of the theme discussed by many experts and commentators. Although competition between parties was concentrated on two candidates (Tusk, Kaczyński) new party - „Palikot's Movement" (Ruch Palikota) was opened. It focused on criti- cism of Catholic Church, Catholic values and tried to appeal to voters interested in modernity in many levels of socio-political life. The success of Janusz Palikot's party was possible thanks to personality and charisma of the leader (well known as an author of many spectacular events in politics) and his project of „Modern Country". The other element of the context of parliamentary election 2011 was mobility of Pol- ish electorate, permanently reduced. Because of the voters absence diagnosis of civil society in Poland seems to be worse than in the other countries in Europe. This proves that situation before parliamentary election 2011 in Poland was specific. The main research materials were: newspaper articles, interviews in magazines, TV advertisements, sociological surveys, websites. It has used problems from range of different sciences: sociology, media and political marketing.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Polski wyborca w perspektywie modelu głosowania retrospektywnego

Waldemar Wojtasik

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Polish voter in the perspective of retrospective voting model

The idea of retrospective voting refers to voting decisions that are based on an evaluation of how the government has managed the economy. Research on economic voting in Poland have been carried out from the beginning of the democratic transformation, focusing on isolating and testing of the transition model specific to the countries of Central Europe. Its differentiating feature is a novel way of simultaneously joining the retrospective and prospective motivations in the behaviour of voters, compared to the conventional model present in consolidated democracies. The retrospective voting model is defined as deciding whether to reward or punish the incumbent party on the basis of past policy performance. Based on analysis and own research, the presented paper evidences that the validity of applying the transitional model in the study of economic voting in Poland has been exhausted, as the retrospective motivation is nowadays predominant in the decisions of voters.

Key words:
elections, economic voting, retrospective voting, prospective voting

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

The Spanish Party System and the Issue of Assigning Responsibility

Anna Sroka

Language: PL | Published: 01-06-2015 | Abstract

The article addresses the dependency between the level of institutionalization present in the Spanish party system, electoral accountability and assigning responsibility. The primary research objective of this article is to determine the extent to which electoral volatility is present in Spain, both at the aggregate and individual level, which is a measure of the degree of institutionalization reached by a party system. Next, the dependency between electoral volatility and fluidity of elites at the electoral and parliamentary level is analysed. This allows for an answer to the question of whether there is a problem in Spain with assigning responsibility, having regard to the fact that the presence of extensive electoral volatility among both voters and political elites makes it difficult to speak of effective accountability.

 

Key words:
party  system,  Spanish  party  system,  assigning  responsibility,  electoral accountability

2015-06-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Migrants 2000-2016

Toma Burean

Language: EN | Published: 30-06-2018 | Abstract

In most studies of voting behavior, political preferences are explained at the level of the “country, election, electoral cohort or individual voter” (Franklin 2004). Notably absent from these studies is the impact of voters living abroad. Their importance is not to be neglected, especially in democratizing states.

This research targets the predictions that lie behind the turnout and preferences of Romanian emigrants. Romanian Diaspora consistently votes for parties and candidates that promise reforms. This vote is associated with liberal economic policy preferences and support for minority groups. I test these hypotheses with elections results data from 2000 to 2016 coupled with data collected from Votulmeu.com an online Voting Advice Application from the 2012 parliamentary and 2014 presidential elections in Romania.

 

Key words:

emigrants, voting, policy preferences, Romania, Voting Advice Applications

2018-06-30



Journal: Political Preferences

Value marketing as a determinant of forming a political offer in the process of communication between politicians and voters

Wiktor Widera

Language: EN | Published: 12-03-2018 | Abstract

At the heart of the concept of value marketing is the evolution of its use. Starting with a mere information about the presence of a product on the market, through subsequently satisfying the needs of the buyer of the product or service, to finally reaching a full dialogue between the bidder (offerer) and the customer. This relationship is based, inter alia, on the common definition of the characteristics of the desired goods and their adjustment to the values indicated by the customers. Also, important values for the buyer of a political product should be similarly shaped in the marketing sense. Creating bonds, the partnership relations between the exchange parties on the political market is a mechanism that makes this process very effective. The article points to the “value” present in the political product and explains how it is created. It also analyses two key contexts of what “value” is, describes marketing and its core tools on the economic and political market. The author of the paper makes a hypothesis that “value” as the core of the political offer generated by the politician-voter relationship is of fundamental importance in political transactions   and is at the same time a determinant of electoral decision.

 

Key words:

value, value marketing, provision of value, voter, politician, political offer, political market

2018-03-12



Journal: Political Preferences

Political communication of generation Y via the Internet

Wiktor Widera

Language: PL | Published: 20-12-2017 | Abstract

The aim of this article is to present a fragment of the research results obtained during the implementation of the research project: "Communicating Policy Actors". The research was aimed at diagnosing the activity of the "Y" generation in political communication via the Internet. The research was conducted among the community of students studying in Katowice, at faculties of science, journalism, communication and new media. Apart from the assumed above-average use of new media tools by students, the rationale for directing research at students was their potential participation in professional life, in which they are consulted on everyday political activities. The research hypothesis was that the respondents were aware of the importance of their participation in political communication.

 

Key words:

political offer, politics, voters, relations, political activity, Internet

2017-12-20



Journal: Political Preferences

Nastawienie do imigrantów a mechanizm powstawania nowych partii politycznych – przypadek Polski

Maciej Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

The attitude to immigrants and emerging of new political parties – the case of Poland

The immigration is recently the most important issue influencing the fates of European Union member states. Presented article diagnoses the attitudes to immigrants arriving to EU among Polish citizens and examines how the migration crisis can affect the Polish party system according to emerging of new parties approaches. The conducted empirical research shows that majority of Polish voters are against hosting immigrants in their country. However, in contrast to the West European party systems, there is also plenty of relevant Polish parties with negative stance to immigration. Therefore, the immigration cannot be considered as a factor of party system change.

 

Key words:

new parties, political parties, party system, immigration, attitude to immigrants

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

The Level of Political Party Activity: Study of the Elections of Presidents in Cities with Poviat Rights of the Silesian Voivodeship in 2002-2018

Karolina Kaczmarczyk

Language: EN | Published: 19-09-2022 | Abstract | pp. 35-48

Since 2002 in Poland voters in the local government elections can directly elect the head of the rural municipality, mayor and city president. Local elections, in Polish conditions, are treated as an arena favourable for local committees, often non-party. However, it should be noted that many analyses show that the higher the level of self-government, the more important the committees of political parties are. The increase in the participation of political parties in the election competition is also noticeable in medium and large cities. The author decided to check whether the cities with poviat status of the Silesian Voivodeship favour party committees or rather a committee unrelated to any political parties. For this purpose, the participation and effectiveness of these committees in local elections of cities presidents with poviat rights of the Silesian Voivodeship in 2002-2018 was analysed. The study confirmed that the level of politicization in elections is increasing, however, the effectiveness of party committees in the election of city presidents is lower than the effectiveness of local committees. In addition, political parties are more active and influential in larger cities.

2022-09-19



Journal: Political Preferences

Ritual participation? Polish opinions on politics and political parties

Radosław Solarz

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2013 | Abstract

Poles comparatively low political activity, continued from the first competitive parliamentary election in 1991, leads to take a reflection of the voters perception of politics and political parties. The article focus on the percep- tion of political parties in Poland and the Poles' attitude to politics. Research has shown that the political sphere of democratic Poland separates from the social life. The activities of political parties, political conflicts and their solutions, are a phenomena that the majority of Poles do not care about. Polish political institutions and democratic procedures act in a specific social void. Poles political behavior (especially the voters one), in the period of democratic system, is characterized by high level of ritualism. This method of adaptation of the citizens of Poland to the democratic political system leads to low level of trust in political institutions.

2013-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Marka idealnej partii politycznej w opinii wyborców o różnych preferencjach ideologicznych i partyjnych

Agnieszka Turska-Kawa

Language: PL | Published: 01-03-2013 | Abstract

The present article presents results of research conducted with the working assumption that voters perceive political parties in terms of traits characteristics for people, giving them a unique identity. Research was focused on defining the „personality" of a perfect political party; voters were asked about desired intensity of certain characteristics in such imagined perfect political entity. The taxonomy of traits presented to the respondents used the HEXACO model, by Kibeom Lee and Michael C. Aschton, which refers to a six-dimensional personality structure. The authors distinguished the following personality factors in the model: Honesty, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience.

2013-03-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Społeczne postrzeganie instytucji recall i weta ludowego w warunkach polskich

Maciej Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

The social reception of recall and people’s veto among Polish electorate

The institutions of direct democracy seem to be crucial for effective functioning of political system. The inclusion of citizens in decision-making process ensures that political representatives remain accountable throughout their term and must be responsive to the wishes of the voters. The empirical research conducted by the author proves that prevalent portion of electorate expects the introduction of recall and people's veto to Polish law. The results of analysis confirm the high level of citizens' support for institutions of direct democracy. This support is articulated by all groups of Polish electorate, regar- dless of party affiliation and ideological viewpoints.

Key words:
direct democracy, recall, people’s veto, social reception, Polish electorate

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Zaspokajanie oczekiwań determinantem decyzji wyborczych zwolenników partii politycznych

Zbigniew Widera

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2014 | Abstract

Meeting the needs of the voters is the primary responsibility of politicians. Political activity organize social life through the interaction of political institutions, which are the foundation of the democratic process of electing representatives mandated by society and legitimized in the elections. Well- conceived mission of serving the public is the foundation of a well-functioning relationship politician-voter. It is a way to meet the expectations that allows voters to build everyday life and faith in the future. It is worth to know the extent in which politicians meet the expectations of their constituents.

2014-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

State Management in Times of Crisis: Perception of the Government's Policy of Counteracting the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Maciej Szostak , Agata Olszanecka-Marmola

Language: EN | Published: 01-09-2022 | Abstract | pp. 19-34

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought entirely new challenges to state crisis management. Until then, none of the governments had faced the need to stop almost all social and economic life. The fight against the pandemic required the introduction of numerous restrictions limiting mobility and interpersonal contacts. Initially, people did not widely deny their necessity, but over time parts of society protested increasingly against further restrictions. In this article, we check whether party preferences and socio-demographic features influenced the assessment of the Polish government's actions to counter the pandemic's spread. For this purpose, we develop a 10-item anti-COVID-19 activity (ACA) scale consisting of a general assessment of COVID-19 counteracting activity and evaluation of its various dimensions (e.g., online education, health care system, vaccination system and help for entrepreneurs). The research confirms a significant difference in how government activities are perceived in relation to political preferences and gender. The study participants negatively assessed the anti-COVID policy. Furthermore, men and voters of the Confederation turned out to be particularly unfavorable to the government's actions.

2022-09-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Party Behavior and the Formation of Minority Governments - Experiences in Denmark

Robert Radek

Language: PL | Published: 01-06-2015 | Abstract

In many modern democracies, the leaders who make important influential political decisions are highly likely to be party politicians or indeed party leaders. Very often they cannot prepare an adequate strategy for their political parties because it is usually impossible to find out all necessary elements for projecting the goals. It is not surprising that political parties are the most important organizations in modern politics and in the contemporary world, only a few states do without them. The reason that political parties are well-nigh ubiquitous is that they perform functions that are valuable to many political actors. Political parties play a major role in the recruitment of top politicians, on whom the momentous and painful political decisions often fall. With very few exceptions, political chief executives are elected on the slate of some established political party, and very often the head of government continues to serve as the head of the political party that propelled him or her into office. Democracy may be conceived as a process by which voters delegate policy-making authority to a set of representatives, and political parties are the main organizational vehicle by which such delegation takes place. The main aim of this article is focus on the minority government, which are especially common in the Scandinavian countries. They can be more easily formed and maintained where the party system makes it difficult to secure support for an alternative majority coalition to be formed, a vote of investiture is not required, and a government can stay in office unless there is an absolute majority against it. In the article will be emphasized some case studies of Denmark minority government formation and durability. General findings will be confronted with empirical data, which will allow to formulate conclusions about the specific of minority cabinet in Denmark.

 

Key words:
party leaders, minority government, coalition, Nordic States, Denmark, party behavior, elections, majority, parliamentary members

2015-06-01



Journal: Political Preferences

European Parliament Elections in Lithuania: Populist Competition in the Shadow of the Presidential Vote

Gintaras Aleknonis

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2014 | Abstract

The 2014 European Parliament elections in Lithuania were successful for mainstream political parties: no new-born political movement came up in the political scene; no open Euro-sceptic party was able to gain any seats. But such a victory came at a price: the major European topics (joining the euro-zone, land-ownership by the foreigners) were left aside; the EP electoral campaign was overshadowed by Presidential elections with populist discussions about Russian threats and national security. The coincidence of two political campaigns boosted the voter turnout and made a significant impact on the distribution of MEP seats; because of the higher turnout, smaller parties were able to enter the EP, while two established parties with devoted core voters suffered some losses compared to the 2009 EP elections.

Key words:
European Parliament, Lithuania, elections, campaign, electoral slogan, populism

2014-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Obywatelskie kompetencje polityczne a wybrane motywy podejmowania decyzji wyborczych

Robert Alberski , Danuta Plecka

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Civil political competency and chosen reasons when taking electoral decisions

Civil political competency, but especially public trust are the basis of development of the civil society. Level of civil political competency also influence the electoral behaviour. In a research made in the end of 2014 we asked about Polish people civil political competency and about chosen reasons when taking electoral decisions. The group who declares an absence in the election or not taking big care about their electoral decisions and also have lack of skills to determine on which place on the left-right line they are, give evidence of a very low level of civil political competencies. Less important for them are programs and future plans presented by the politicians and political parties and also how they realize them (or not). When taking an electoral decision on the local level, this group take a lesser degree of care then other voters about the local elections candidates (for mayors, council member etc.) memberships to the political parties.

Key words:
political competences, electoral behavior, electoral decisions, political parties, parliamentary elections, local elections

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Blogi internetowe polityków a identyfikacje partyjne

Jarosław Wichura

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2013 | Abstract

For po1itics, just 1ike any member of the pub1ic, the Internet is a very convenient medium. It not on1y a11ows for a re1ative1y 1ow cost to reach diverse customers, but it is a1so an exce11ent too1 for meeting the requirements of the po1itics persona1ization. Not on1y their own websites, on-1ine discussions and e-mai1 offer today a po1itician possibi1ity of mediating communication with citizens (voters). Becoming increasing1y popu1ar, b1og offers many exciting opportunities to provide information. Every po1itica1 party can find a po1itician who owns and runs a b1og (inc1uding Joanna Senyszyn, Wa1demar Paw1ak, Ryszard Czarnecki, Janusz Korwin-Mikke, Marek Miga1ski). Most of them treats virtua1 notebooks as a too1 to present their views and image. They emphasize certain information which they be1ieve and have not been adequate1y provided by other media. Undoubted1y, on1ine diaries begin to p1ay an increasing1y important ro1e today in po1itica1 communication. Even though they are much more "poor" from par1iamentary websites, because they contain on1y the texts pub1ished by the author, they are a great advantage of persona1istic character. Popu1arity of b1ogs among po1iticians (not on1y in Po1and) is steadi1y increasing. One of the things attesting to the va1idity of this court is its constant evo1ution. On1ine diaries are more and more powerfu1. You can now post on b1og not on1y a text, but a1so a photo, short video or audio fi1e. It shou1d be noted that the po1itica1 debate is c1ose1y dependent on the media and chan- ging with the emergence of new communication too1s. B1ogs made a significant transfers in this area. For the purposes of this artic1e, subject of study focused on two 1eve1s of ana1ysis, for the e1ections to the Par1iament (if they were he1d this Sunday) and in the context of po1itica1 ideo1ogy. The ana1ysis of empirica1 data was re1atedto the two main issues: ownership and operation of po1itica1 b1ogs and track their entries by the voters.

2013-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Opinia wyborców o integracji Polski z Unią Europejską a preferencje i aktywność wyborcza

Julia Liszkowska

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2011 | Abstract

The present article aims to describe the relationship between political preferences of voters in different types of Polish elections (local, parliamentary, presidential) or of citizens inactive in the elections and their opinion on the integration of Poland with the EU as positive or negative. The results are based on a poll carried out at the end of 2010. The voters were asked about the political parties and groups they support in different elections (or specific persons

2011-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Economic voting in Poland: the end of transition model

Waldemar Wojtasik

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2013 | Abstract

Research on economic voting in Poland have been carried out from the beginning of the democratic transformation, focusing on isolating and testing of the transition model specific to the countries of Central Europe. Its differen- tiating feature is a novel way of simultaneously joining the retrospective and prospective motivations in the behavior of voters, compared to the conven- tional model present in consolidated democracies. The purpose of the present article is to attempt to determine the relationship between the two types of elec- toral motivations identified above in the parliamentary elections, starting with the election of 1991 and ending with the 2011 elections. Based on analysis and constructive criticism of findings of other researchers and own research, the presented paper evidences that the validity of applying the transitional model in the study of economic voting in Poland has been exhausted, as the prospective motivation is nowadays predominant in the decisions of voters.

2013-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Partycypacja polityczna w Polsce

Karolina Tybuchowska-Hartińska

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Political participation in Poland

Basing on research carried out on a representative group of Poles, as part of a national research project called „Political preferences. Attitudes- IdentitiesBehaviours", it can be concluded that respondents the most often point expressing their beliefs through petitions (23%), local initiatives (21%) and demonstrations (12%). Research shows that men more frequently than women express their opinions through petitions (54,2%-45,8%), local initiatives (54,3%-45,7%) and demonstrations (61,6%-38,4%). Inhabitants of villages and towns over 200 thousand people were nearly two times more active than citizens of medium-sized villages. Having at least a secondary school education definitely increases people's activity (approx. 40%), more than having a vocational education (approx. 13%). Expressing views is also dependent on age because younger people do it more frequently than elder ones. The most indicated were individuals in the age group 25-34 (62%), more rarely although in comparable proportions people aged 18-24 and 35-44 while in the next age groups that activity drops significantly. People aged 18-24 and 45-54 the most willingly take part in demonstrations. People aged 25-34 sign petitions and engage in local initiatives. Among citizens in the age of 55 and more there is not evident diversity in the forms of participation. The differences in the behaviour of people with various views are also highlighted. Those who declare themselves as left wing prefer petitions (39%) against local initiatives (35%) and demonstrations (26%). Centrist voters the most often choose petitions (49%) against local initiatives (34%) and demonstrations (17%). And people who declare themselves as right wing mainly indicate local initiatives (43%) against petitions (36%) and demonstrations (21%). But those citizens, who could not determine them- selves, the most often decide to petitions (49%) against local initiatives (32%) and demonstrations (19%). Taking under consideration declared political views there are no significant differences when it comes to membership in political parties, trade unions, non-government organizations and local associations. Greater disproportions are highlighted when comparing belonging to different types of organizations. Regardless of the opinions the most popular are local associations, followed by non-government organizations, trade unions, and the least political parties. In conclusion, it can be said that the political participation in Poland clearly indicates who is more frequent and who is more seldom willing to be active in this area. It seems to be an important clue for those wishing to take effective activities to increase the involvement of citizens.

Key words:
political participation, Poland, local initiatives,demonstrations, petitions

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

The Czech Republic 2014 European Parliament Election: Voters Gone Out, New Parties In

Petr Kaniok

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2014 | Abstract

This article describes and evaluates 2014 Czech European Parliament (EP) election. Starting with the context of the election, it goes through all relevant party actors participating in the election and introduces them both in general ideological terms as well as in relation towards the European integration. After results of election are discussed, the article concludes that 2014 EP election confirmed recent changes in the Czech party system - inter alia destabilization of the system as a whole, reconfiguration on its right wing and emergence of populism. Concerning the European message of the election, their results confirmed their second-order character.

Key words:
EP  election  2014,  Czech  Republic,  ANO  2011,  party  system,  second  order  elections, ODS

2014-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Społeczny odbiór debat przedwyborczych kampanii parlamentarnej 2011

Kinga Jaruga , Żaneta Krawczyk

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

Pre-election TV debates are not merely a means of providing information. Their pri- mary objective is the implementation of carefully formulated marketing strategy. The process of making politics personalized and entertaining undoubtedly contributes to the surge in their popularity. They become not only a means of conveying the information included in election manifestos or outlining the profiles of candidates. They create a kind of show, based on specific rules and a top-down program, designed to reach out to voters effectively. Public opinion polls clearly show that the evaluation of the effectiveness of such pro- grams is strongly correlated with the declared policy preferences. This article presents an im- age of pre-election debates with the use of the 2011 parliamentary campaign. The main aim of the discussion is to answer the question of whether pre-election television debates are an effective way of reaching out to voters. The second aspect of the analysis is the context of "the debate over the debate", which gives a specific character to the events described.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Czynnik gospodarczy jako predyktor zachowań wyborczych

Agnieszka Turska-Kawa

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Economic factor as a predictor of voting behaviour

The article seeks to answer the question of whether, and if yes - to what extent, voters are guided by economic issues in their decisions about electoral participation (activity or passivity in the elections). The analysis of this question was carried out in the context of declared electoral behavior of the respon- dents in elections which took place in 2014, namely to the European Parliament and the Polish regional (voivodship) parliaments. Detailed analysis was aimed at verifying the sociodemographic variables that could significantly differentiate the subjective importance of the economic factor in decisions taken on electoral participation. These empirical considerations took into account variables such as sex, age, education, marital status, financial situation, professional status and place of residence.

Key words:
electoral behavior, economic issues, electoral participation

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Internet jako interaktywne narzędzie pozycjonowania ofert politycznych

Wiktor Widera

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

The Internet as an interactive tool that positions political offers

Technological progress has revolutionized the contemporary market and communication in every area and dimension. As a result of the emergence of many new opportunities, targeted messages and increase the volume of marketing messages that reach a wide audience, consumers are becoming more demanding. Gaining their trust is much harder today than ever before. The development of the media caused the appearance of adverse syndromes in the functioning of modern democracy. The focus on capturing the viewer at all costs by the mass media makes public political discourse “howled down” by presented in the media discourse elites. In this situation, the entity due to the fear of being ostracized by society, takes only the topics of the mass media and expresses opinions similar to the opinions expressed by these media. This leads to darkening political discourse. The model that favours the civic discussion of political action is based on the contacts “face to face” thus, model “one to one”. New opportunities for interactivity, above all, increasing availability and ease of use of ICT (information and communication technologies), forces the actors to the political scene to change their approach to the voters. This new approach creates a model of communication very close to meeting “face to face”, but in a virtual environment (Kowalik). The tools of new media not only facilitate positioning of political offers, but also by its interactivity, implement this model in the area of virtual space. This is especially important in the space in which successive generations of voters are present today. According to Adamski (2010: 252), the Internet can not rather be considered only as means of mass media. Instead, it is a kind of communication environment in which both the communication to an individual and the means of mass communication can operate. Batorski, defines the internet as metamedium because it contains, at least it allows to create virtually any media properties. The aim of the article is to point out the importance of the Internet in political marketing by the perception of marketing products and services. This perception comes from the broader analysis, conducted by the author, and contains the issue of penetration methods, techniques and instruments of marketing for the economic social area. Article responds to the hypothesis that politicians do not exploit fully the possibility of building an interactive relationship with the voter via the Internet that can contribute to the success of the election.

 

Key words:

Internet, political offer, segmentation, offer positioning, social media

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Reklama negatywna i wizerunkowa w odbiorze polskiego elektoratu

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Negative and visual advertising in the reception of Polish electorate

Growing professionalization and personalization of electoral campaigns have prompted political parties to concentrate on political image and negative campaigning. This tendency is mainly noticeable in TV advertisements. Presented article consists of two parts. The first one discusses the role of negative and image ads. The other part includes the results of research conducted by the author. The analysis shows that the vast majority of Polish electorate does not approve using of negative and image advertising. It can denote that voters are exhausted of permanent mutual attacks of two major Polish parties (Civic Platform, Law and Justice) and expect more issue-oriented politics.

Key words:
political advertising, advertising, negative ads, political image, image ads

2015-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Dylematy wyborcy. Czynniki wpływające na zachowania w kampanii prezydenckiej i samorządowej w 2010 roku

Robert Alberski

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2011 | Abstract

This part of the report discusses three questions, included in the questionnaire about electoral behavior during presidential and local elections in 2010. First question asks about the time, when the voter made his decision for which candidate he would vote for in the First round in the Presidential election. Second question is about the factors, that decide in choos- ing particular electoral committee in Local elections and third - about the problem of how big and stable is negative electorate of Polish political parties. As can be seen from presented data, majority of voters was sure of their political preferences long before the beginning of Presi- dential campaign and those, who made their decision during it, in most cases, in it's first phase. The mobility of Polish electorate is reduced, also because of the largeness and mutual pen- etration of negative electorate and effectiveness of political agitation is also limited. Because of that voters political preferences are relatively stable, despite the Smoleńsk Crash and in- creasingly intense competition of party elites.

2011-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Wpływ informacyjny telewizyjnych reklam wyborczych w świetle deklaracji polskiego elektoratu – studium kampanii wyborczych 2015

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

The cognitive effect of TV political advertising in view of Polish electorate – case of 2015 presidential and parliamentary campaigns

Apart from persuasive function, TV political ads play also important role in obtaining information about candidates and political parties. The cognitive effect of TV political advertising is proved in American and West-European conditions. Presented article is aimed at examining whether TV political spots influenced on voters’ knowledge of candidates and parties contesting in 2015 elections in Poland. The results of research will be presented with reference to sociodemographic characteristics of electorate, political preferences and auto-identifications on left-right scale.

 

Key words:

political advertising, TV political ads, cognitive effect of TV political ads, 2015 presidential election in Poland, 2015 parliamentary election in Poland

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Problem legalizacji związków partnerskich osób tej samej płci w kampanii wyborczej 2011 roku

Łukasz Tomczak

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

The article presents differences between the electorate and political parties programs in a political right point of view according to the principle of same-sex couples to certificate their relations. Parties of the left such as the Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratyc- znej) and Palikot's Movement (Ruch Palikota) tried to support the idea of the same-sex couple partnerships however they didn't try to make them equal with the ordinary marriages. The vot- ers of those parties where more often ready to accept the same-sex couple partnerships, nev- ertheless the right side pulls in the opposite electorate. Most of the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska RP) voters didn't support the same-sex couples partnership idea, that kind of at- titude dominate the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) electorate too. Nowadays the aversion to the same-sex couples rights can be clearly seen among the whole society. During the 2011 campaign also clearly become the increase of support for the same-sex couples partnership over the previous year especially in political left wing of elector- ate. Social ratio to the main aspects of the article divines polish political parties as much as the most of the voters, creating a big line between the left and the right side of polish politics.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Między uczciwością a skutecznością działania politycznego. Fundamentalny dylemat wyborcy

Jarosław Nocoń

Language: PL | Published: 01-03-2013 | Abstract

The main thesis of the article assumes, that honesty and effectivenes or eficacy are complementary values of political action. This claim is still valid especially in conemporary normative political theory. Meanwhile, the results of empirical research shows, that voters perceive voters both of these features, as the contradictions of political action. The author analyzes the key reasons of this contradiction and indicates the conditions of its limitations.

2013-03-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Preferencje polityczne a opinia publiczna

Magdalena Marzec , Jarosław Wichura

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2011 | Abstract

Political preferences and pre-election polls are interrelated. Analysis of the voice of socie- ty helps to plan rationally the future tasks and simultaneously analyze current problems, also social expectations. Although public opinion generally is perceived as acceptance or criticism of political action, but this survey and their analysis also points to a third state of indifference to politics. Often, the parties seek to reduce this third group and are communicating to a neutral or undecided voters, trying to enlarge the circle of its supporters. It is necessary to remember that public opinion is shaped by the information coming to its knowledge, and these may be subject of manipulation. It is believed that it is often manipulated by party leaders and the media. Conducive to this type of activity is the time of the election campaign, including a measure surveys of support for particular parties or candidates. Extre- mely important due to the influence of the media is the perception of fairness by the public. Analysis of the receipt of polls, assess the reliability and credibility of media sources is useful for specialists in PR and marketing franchise. The research allowed to extract some trends in the behavior of the electorate, which in view of their continuation can be very useful.

2011-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Ciągłość czy zmiana? - o szansach nowych partii w Polsce

Maciej Marmola

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2014 | Abstract

The emergence of new party should be an answer for voters' demand on new political initiatives. Since the beginning of the 21th century we have been faced with lack of representativeness of political parties. In addition, there is weak party identification among Polish electorate. The empirical research presented in this article proves that the portion of electorate expecting an emergence of new party is increased. However, the Polish voters don't believe that potential new parties can reach the relevant position in party system. The results of Palikot Movement (currently: Your Move) in parliamentary election 2011 and the Congress of the New Right in this year's European Parliament election shows that appropriate political program can bring about a success of new political formation.

2014-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Accountability and the European Parliament Elections: the Illusion of Supranational Accountability

Katarzyna Kobielska

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2014 | Abstract

The paper refers to the essential problem of the European political space, namely the insufficient implementation scale of accountability standards, which has a direct effect on the democratization of the European political system, spe- cifically on the democracy deficit. The paper was presented the accountability standard on the background on the EP election in 2014, with the strong focus on the relations between the voters and the EP candidates. In the analyses the factors characterizing the quality of political discourse were considered taking into ac- count both, the electorate political activity (principal - in the meaning Principal- Agent-Theory), as well as the offer of the running politicians (as the agents).

2014-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Wpływ wyznawanych idei i identyfikacji politycznych na decyzje wyborcze w wyborach samorządowych

Zbigniew Widera

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

Knowledge of the behavior of the electorate has both its social context, as well as eco- nomic. It identifies the social interaction on the behavior of politicians and the effects of their management, moreover reveals the motivations and determines of political sensitivity, the de- gree of social disapproval and indifference. Rationalize the cost of election campaigns, influ- ences the electoral strategies and the consequent publicity and promotion mechanisms. It also affects the way services are involved in the electoral processes of individuals and businesses. It has a number of theoretical ways of using its wide but especially a practical context. The municipal elections which are the subject of growing interest are identified in the broader electoral context, the connection with other acts of election: elections to the parliament, the European Union and in the end of the presidential elections. The media of social life more and more influence on the behavior of voters, receiving daily spectacle of self-presentation, per-manent verbalization of ideas and references to public opinion polls. Voter is willed or not to participate. This causes the increasing consistency of its behavior in the different types of elections.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Partycypacja polityczna kobiet a wprowadzanie ustawowych kwot wyborczych

Maciej Marmola , Agata Olszanecka

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

This part of our report describes the reasons of unequal women's representation in Polish parliament and changes that have been introduced by new Electoral Code. According to our researches, voters of right-wing parties are against the introducing of gender quotas,whereas electorate of centre and left-wing parties believes more frequently in effectiveness of legal regulations that guarantees equal women's representation in parliament. After the pass- ing of the Electoral Code that implemented 35% gender quotas, the number of women in Polish parliament have not increased significantly. It seems that changes of public awareness, fighting with stereotypes and patriarchal social system are better methods of improvement of women's participation in parliament than new regulations in Polish electoral system.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Rola mediów społecznościowych w komunikacji partii politycznych i podejmowaniu decyzji wyborczych przez ich wyborców.

Marta Bodys

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2016 | Abstract

The role of social media in the communication of political parties and the impact of them on voters’ decisions

The role of using of social media by the Polish political parties to communicate with internet users is still growing. Aricticle shows how voters are assessing credibility of political parties’ communication in social media and how they evaluate the impact of this communication on their decisions on election day. Article is based on polle results which was conducted after the parliamentary elections in 2015. The voter assessed communiation of political parties such as: Civic Platform, Law and Justice, Kukiz’15, Polisch People’s Party, United Left, .Modern, Together.

 

Key words:

social media, election campaign, parliamentary elections, website

2016-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Strażnik demokracji czy relikt przeszłości? Dyskusje nad zasadnością stosowania ciszy wyborczej

Marcin Zaborski

Language: PL | Published: 01-10-2013 | Abstract

The artic1e focuses on the issue of e1ection si1ence, the range of its app1i- cabi1ity and significance for the Po1ish democratic system. It describes in detai1 the 1ega1 perspective of the phenomenon at the same time i11ustrating its actua1 impact on the functioning of party competition and e1ectora1 decision-making process. The primary goa1 of this paper is to present the resu1ts of empirica1 studies on the importance of pre-e1ection po11s for the deve1opment of the actua1 support of voters. Empirica1 verification has been app1ied to a thesis which assumes that the pub1ication of opinion po11s in support of candidates or po1itica1 parties during e1ection campaigns shou1d be forbidden 1onger than just during e1ection si1ence. The resu1ts were a1so corre1ated with the dec1ared po1itica1 preferences of the respondents, which a11owed the author a more detai1ed ana1ysis of the revea1ed regu1arities.

2013-10-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Przekaz polityczny oparty na dowodach. Analiza przykładu kampanii prezydenckiej w Polsce w 2015 roku.

Dagmara Anna Apolinarska-Pres

Language: PL | Published: 01-08-2017 | Abstract

The political message based on the results of the evaluation. The analysis of the example of the presidential campaign in Poland in 2015

The main research problem of this article is whether the political message, that was addressed to voters in the presidential election from 2015, was based on the results of the evaluations or of the socio-economic researches were conducted by the research centers. The political views and slogans, which were presented by the candidates for the President of Poland during the campaign in 2015, were analyzed to answer the main research problem. The theoretical framework of the evaluation and the process of evaluation researches on the example of the managing authority of the operational program were described in the first part of this article. The European experience of utilization the evaluation results by the political class and the analysis of the presidential campaign from 2015 in reference of constructing political arguments with the results of the evaluation were presented in the second part. The author concludes that the results of the evaluation were marginally used during the campaign. The political arguments, that were used by candidates for the President of Poland, were mostly limited to recall simple figures, expert and public opinion, although in some cases the politics referenced to the results of the studies and reports. However, it is impossible to conclude if one of these studies was an evaluation research.

 

Key words:

evaluation, research results, presidential election, election campaign

2017-08-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Reclaiming the House of the Representatives from Republicans: Case Study of Districts TX-32 and NJ-3

Norbert Tomaszewski

Language: EN | Published: 21-08-2019 | Abstract | pp. 37-54

2018 midterm elections in the United States allowed more ethnically and racially diverse candidates to become members of the Congress. The use of social media tools helped them to reach out to their community and get out the vote, which is especially important in Democratic campaign tactics. The article, by focusing on Colin Allred's and Andy Kim's Congressional bids, focuses on how their issue-oriented campaigns helped to mobilize the liberal voters. Furthermore, by analysing the rapidly changing demographics, it tackles the crucial question: do they mean the doom of the Republican Party?

2019-08-21



Journal: Political Preferences

Celebrytyzacja polityki w opiniach wyborców

Tomasz Olczyk

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2014 | Abstract

The article presents voters opinion about two aspects of political cele- britization: celebritization of style and substance of politicians' communication and politization fo celebrities. 64% of respondents sees similarities between politicians' and celebrities' communication form and content while only 22% of respondents agree with the thesis of politization of celebrities.

2014-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Wybrane czynniki wpływające na decyzje wyborców w elekcji parlamentarnej w 2011 roku

Robert Alberski

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2012 | Abstract

This part of the report describes two problems, which were included in both question- naires from 2010 and 2011. First issue asks about the time, when the voter made his decision for which political option he would vote for. Second problem concerns about factors, which determines for which candidate, he would choose. In 2010 we research this problem in refer- ence to Local election. This time our questions refers to candidates in elections to Sejm and Senate. We wanted to verify the trends we observed in Local and Presidential elections in Par- liamentary election. Obtained data in great part confirms conclusions from previous researches. Once again it turned out that majority voters was sure of their political preferences long before the voting, so they weren't susceptible to electioneering. Another observation, which was con- firm by the researches made in the end of 2011, relates to limited effectiveness of electioneering on voter. Our researches don't show any greater differences in factors, by which voter made his decision for which candidate he vote for in Parliamentary election.

2012-01-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Presidentialisation of electoral behavior in non election 2012 year

Wojciech Peszyński

Language: PL | Published: 01-07-2013 | Abstract

It is the first time when the edition of social research 'Political Preference', was carried in a year without election. It determines certain electoral attitudes, because the mass media do not influence society and voters do not take tactical decision. In consequence, the results of this research are different from the ones during real election, because these decisions have to be treated like potential ones. The author decided to continue research, which began in 2010. Therefore, electorate behavior could be compared between campaign period and 'off year election'. Apart from party leaders influencing the campaign, this article includes research results concerning television debate. Both problems are the main components of presidentialization. In the first issue prominent majority of questioned chose the party ideology as the main determinant of potential deci- sions. This conclusion is different from the previous research. This can be the main information in explaining political phenomena or processes. However, what is needed here is an appropriate distance, because in this survey the author changed answers rotation. Apart from that we have to remember about research period - 'off year election'. Although television debates have not been perma- nent component all campaigns, Polish electorate supports this idea. Over 78 per cent of researches would like to organize a debate between two main parties leaders before every elections. However, we cannot look foreword to lead this idea in the Election Code, because neither society nor politicians will insist on institutionalizing this idea.

2013-07-01



Journal: Political Preferences

Społeczny odbiór Solidarnej Polski Zbigniewa Ziobry

Maciej Marmola , Agata Olszanecka

Language: PL | Published: 01-03-2013 | Abstract

This article is an attempt to describe the social reception of United Poland (Solidarna Polska) - the new party on Polish political scene founded by former Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro. The authors have tried to answer the question whether this new political initiative can reach the relevant position in Polish party system. The first part of article includes the most popular theoretical models referring to emergence of new political parties and their impact on party system. The other part presents the main issues connected with United Poland: the genesis of this party, the political program and the marketing strategy. It has been an introduction to show the results of our research on the social reception of United Poland. According to the research, only a small number of voters believe in success this new party. The most of Polish electorate think that United Poland cannot develop the coherent marketing strategy and their political program cannot be distinguished from parties with parliamentary representation.

2013-03-01



Journal: Political Preferences

The Lithuanian Parliamentary Election and the Regional Press (2016)

Jolanta Mažylė

Language: EN | Published: 20-07-2017 | Abstract

Although an election campaign is a crucial part of political communication that encompasses much more than just development of media strategies or their implementation during elections, yet most solutions of modern election methods are based on the specifics of the mass media. The end recipient of information is misled if media outlets instead of disseminating information about a candidate and his intentions provide a distorted image of an election campaign. The image which is created when politicians seek to attract media attention by using their election methods (such as pseudo-events).

Using literary and source analysis, the paper examines viewpoints of political scientists, sociologists, media and communication theory experts about the process of public information and its particularities during elections. Legal frame work regulating political advertising during elections in Lithuania is presented and the data of an empirical research – the content of the regional press during the 2016 elections to the Seimas (Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania – is summarised focusing on the behaviour of the regional press. When analysing regional periodicals published during the election campaign, it was aimed to ascertain what roles the regional press chose – that of an observer or a watchdog, a provider of information or an analyst, an evaluator. Content analysis of regional press publications published during the election campaign and a sociological survey of media employees helps to determine what roles the media adopted.

 

Key words:

election campaign, press, voters, pseudo-events, partisanship, bias, agenda-setting, media

2017-07-20



Journal: Political Preferences

The Effects of Political Advertising on the Perception of Political Images: a Case Study of Polish Presidential Election in 2015

Agata Olszanecka-Marmola

Language: EN | Published: 08-04-2019 | Abstract | pp. 43-58

The presented article explores the influence of TV political advertising on political images of candidates competing in the 2015 presidential election in Poland. For this purpose, the empirical research (N=507) to check the reactions to campaign spots among voters with different political preferences was carried out. The conducted research shows that political preferences significantly affect both the perception of political images and the emotional attitude to candidates. The study also confirms that political advertising has a moderate importance in creating the images of commonly known politicians. Interestingly, the obtained results prove that emotional attitude towards politicians are more permanent and resistant to change under the influence of advertising messages than political image characteristics.

2019-04-08



Journal: Political Preferences

Poparcie kandydata przez lidera partii a decyzje wyborców. Badania elektoratu

Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka

Language: PL | Published: 01-01-2015 | Abstract

Support the candidate by the party leader and the decisions of voters. Electoral study

Competition in the elections makes it necessary for the participants to seek different ways of standing out from the others. One of the ways is to utilize the rule of the authority. The mechanism of the irradiation technique causes positive feelings to radiate from a person well-known to and respected byan electorate onto a less well-known person but connected with the former even through having a photo together. The aim of the paper is to show what position those polled took on the issue of using the rule of the authority in the election campaigns in 2014. The results of surveys conducted in the autumn of 2014 clearly show which party electorates are prone to be influenced by this type of advertising, whether by being directly told by the party leader which candidate should be voted for, or by the candidate's photo together with the party leader or chairman.

Key words:
election campaign, election advertising, irradiation technique

2015-01-01