"What activism can learn from poetry": Lyric Opacity and Drone Warfare in Solmaz Sharif’s LOOK
Abstract
The essay explores whether concealing humanness or emphasizing humanness is a more effective strategy for anti-drone activism that seeks to disrupt the conventional epistemologies of militarized surveillance. Building on Édouard Glissant’s decolonizing philosophy of relation and more recent theories of gender and surveillance such as Rachel Hall’s notion of “animal opacity,” the essay argues that poetry is one place we might find an answer to what seems like a binary problem of seeing versus unseeing humanity in technologically mediated aerial warfare. I illustrate that the 2016 poetry collection LOOK by Solmaz Sharif intervenes to suggest activism that steers readers away from the logics of recognition and toward the ethical potential of concealment. LOOK garners formal elements from lyric and experimental poetry traditions to employ a strategy of resistance-looking based in multiple valences of opacity.multiple valences of opacity.
Keywords
Solmaz Sharif; Drones; Surveillance; Recognition; Opacity; Lyric
References
Adelman, Rebecca A. “The Limits of Recognition: Rethinking Conventional Critiques of Drone Warfare.” American Studies, vol. 59, no. 1, 2020, pp. 93–112.
Akbar, Kaveh. “‘This Isn’t Just Theoretical for Me’: An Interview with Solmaz Sharif.” Divedapper, July 2016, https://www.divedapper.com/interview/solmaz-sharif/.
Brady, Andrea. “Drone Poetics.” New Formations: A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics, vol. 89–90, 2017, pp. 116–36.
Brady, Andrea. Poetry and Bondage: A History and Theory of Lyric Constraint. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Browne, Simone. Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness. Duke University Press, 2015.
Bryant, Brandon. “Letter from a Sensor Operator.” Life in the Age of Drone Warfare, edited by Lisa Parks and Caren Kaplan, Duke University Press, 2017, pp. 315–23.
Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? Verso, 2016.
Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. Verso, 2006.
Butler, Judith. “Precariousness and Grievability—When Is Life Grievable?” Verso Books Blog, 16 Nov. 2015, https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/2339-judith-butler-precariousness-and-grievability-when-is-life-grievable. Accessed 1 Jul. 2021.
Clemmons, Zinzi. “The Role of the Poet: An Interview with Solmaz Sharif.” The Paris Review, July 2016, https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2016/07/27/the-role-of-the-poet-an-interview-with-solmaz-sharif/.
Department of Defense. Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 17 Oct. 2007.
Dowdy, Michael. “Shakeout Poetics: Documentary Poeitcs from Men of Fact to Data Bodies.” College Literature, vol. 47, no. 1, 2020, pp. 155–84.
Dworkin, Craig Douglas. Dictionary Poetics: Toward a Radical Lexicography. Fordham University Press, 2020.
Fraser, Nancy. “Behind Marx’s Hidden Abode.” New Left Review, no. 86, Apr. 2014, pp. 55–72.
Glissant, Édouard. Poetics of Relation. Translated by Betsy Wing, University of Michigan Press, 1997.
Hall, Rachel. “Terror and the Female Grotesque: Introducing Full-Body Scanners to US Airports.” Feminist Surveillance Studies, edited by Rachel E. Dubrofsky and Shoshana Magnet, Duke University Press, 2015, pp. 127–49.
Jackson, Virginia. Dickinson’s Misery: A Theory of Lyric Reading. Princeton University Press, 2005.
Jackson, Virginia. “Lyric.” The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, edited by Roland Greene et al., Princeton University Press, 2012, pp. 826–34.
Jackson, Virginia Walker, and Yopie Prins, editors. “General Introduction.” The Lyric Theory Reader: A Critical Anthology, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, pp. 1–10.
JR. #NotABugSplat. Apr. 2014, https://notabugsplat.com/.
Leong, Michael. Contested Records: The Turn to Documents in Contemporary North American Poetry. University of Iowa Press, 2020.
Lorde, Audre. “Poetry Is Not a Luxury.” Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Crossing Press, 2007, pp. 36–39.
Lorde, Audre. “The Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power.” Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Crossing Press, 2007, pp. 53–59.
Martin, Randy. An Empire of Indifference: American War and the Financial Logic of Risk Management. Duke University Press, 2007.
Mill, John Stuart. “Thoughts on Poetry and Its Varieties.” Autobiography and Literary Essays, edited by John M. Robson and Jack Stillinger, University of Toronto Press, 1981.
Parks, Lisa. “Vertical Mediation and the US Drone War in the Horn of Africa.” Life in the Age of Drone Warfare, edited by Caren Kaplan and Lisa Parks, Duke University Press, 2017, pp. 135–57.
Puar, Jasbir. Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Duke University Press Books, 2007.
Rhee, Jennifer. The Robotic Imaginary: The Human and the Price of Dehumanized Labor. University of Minnesota Press, 2018.
Rosen, David, and Aaron Santesso. Watchman in Pieces: Surveillance, Literature, and Liberal Personhood. Yale University Press, 2014.
Schnepf, J.D. “In Sheep’s Clothing: Mammalian Morphologies and Aerial Infrared Surveillance.” Feminist Media Studies, vol. 20, no. 2, Mar. 2020, pp. 297–99.
Sharif, Solmaz. LOOK. Graywolf Press, 2016.
Sharif, Solmaz. “The Near Transitive Properties of the Political and Poetical: Erasure.” Evening Will Come: A Montly Journal of Poetics, no. 28, Apr. 2013, https://thevolta.org/ewc28-ssharif-p1.html.
Sumner, Tyne Daile. Lyric Eye: The Poetics of Twentieth-Century Surveillance. Routledge, 2022.
Warner, Michael. “Publics and Counterpublics.” Public Culture, vol. 14, no. 1, 2002, pp. 49–90.
White, Gillian C. Lyric Shame: The “Lyric” Subject of Contemporary American Poetry. Harvard University Press, 2014.
University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA United States
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-7991
Keegan Cook Finberg is an assistant professor of modern and contemporary American Literature in the English Department at University of Maryland, Baltimore County, where she is also affiliate faculty in the departments of Gender, Women’s, + Sexuality Studies, and Language Literacy and Culture. She studies poetry, experimental literature, intermedial arts, feminism, and critical theory. She is currently writing a book about how post-1960s poetry responds to the US government’s facilitation of capitalism. Her scholarly essays can be found in Contemporary Women’s Writing, Textual Practice, and Canada and Beyond. She has published public criticism in the Los Angeles Review of Books, Jacket 2, The Rumpus, and elsewhere.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Copyright Holder of the submitted text is the Author. The Reader is granted the rights to use the material available in the RIAS websites and pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Any commercial use requires separate written agreement with the Author and a proper credit line indicating the source of the original publication in RIAS.
- License
The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license.
- Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.
If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution - By the same conditions 4.0 International".
ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).
- User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
- Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.