Poles for many reasons could not participate in pioneering expeditions in mountains over 8000 m.a.s.l. It was due to political and financial obstacles. Only in the 1970’s did Polish mountain climbers start reaching the highest mountain ranges in the world, getting the first successes and international fame. The exploration of mountains was held only in the summer season, many Himalayan mountaineers believed that climbing in the wintertime was almost impossible, and that the mountains were inaccessible. The first conqueror of Mount Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary, claimed, that there shouldn’t be any life above 7000 m.a.s.l. in the winter. Poles proved that the exploration of mountains in the winter season could become the new form of Himalayan activity. They showed a new way and direction in Himalayan expeditions.
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