Formations of wild birds or schools of fish follow a given direction; they fly or swim according to a symmetrical pattern in a harmonious and coordinated manner. When they suddenly change direction, they neither bump into each other not break the formation. This is a real natural phenomenon. And it is precisely such phenomena that researchers not necessarily associated with the natural sciences have begun to look at, and created artificial intelligence algorithms useful in solving specific optimization problems based on mathematical models observed in the natural world. The collective pattern of individual behavior in self-organizing systems, such as bird formations, schools of fish, and a colonies of insects, was used to create an artificial intelligence technique called swarm intelligence.