For hundreds of millions of years, reptiles have inhabited diverse environments – from arid deserts to forests and rivers to the open oceans. Biologists from the University of Silesia in Katowice are studying the development, structure and biology of the organs of invertebrates and vertebrates, including the sensory systems of reptiles, which enable them to effectively perceive and interpret a variety of stimuli from the environment. Chemoperception plays a particular role here, enabling the detection and differentiation of chemical substances. It is one of the oldest sensory mechanisms in the animal world and forms the basis of communication not only in reptiles but also in many vertebrates.