Research conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of the University of Silesia focuses on the analysis of biomedical signals in the context of neuroscience. Thanks to the use of modern technologies, such as virtual reality, mobile brain and body imaging, EEG, ECG, EMG, and EDA, it is possible to study cognitive processes in natural conditions and in real time. The article highlights the interdisciplinary nature of neuroscience, which combines engineering, medicine, computer science and the humanities, and presents potential directions for its development. Modern brain research not only enables a deeper understanding of the functioning of the human mind but also paves the way for breakthrough therapies and assistive technologies.