Money, Power, and Immigrant Sons in Chang-Rae Lee’s <i>Native Speaker</i>: Looking for the American Father
Abstract
Shirley Geok-lin Lim
University of California,
Santa Barbara
USA
Money, Power, and Immigrant Sons in Chang-Rae Lee’s Native Speaker:
Looking for the American Father
The article explores the convergence of four major American novelistic traditions (the mating-marriage tale, the immigrant story of assimilation and acculturation, detective fiction, and socio-political/socio-economist fiction) in Chang-rae Lee’s acclaimed first novel, Native Speaker (1995), which dramatizes the tragic dynamics between ambition, money, power and moral loss and which offers the reader an insight into a late 20th century narrative of the formation of the new immigrants in the US, where earlier Euro-and, particularly, Anglo-norms are contested by multicultural, multilingual forces driven by globalized hyper-capitalist superstructures. In this unsettled setting, the common 20th century master plots of white-as-native tensions with non-white-immigrant-as-the-Other are interrogated, fragmented and re-assembled in a kinetic metropolis of multiple Otherness, in which money and power, two intrinsically intertwined forces, rule. In the novel’s increasingly melodramatic narration of disillusionment, violence and murder, its more primal emotional trajectory arguably is not heterosexual romance, with which the novel begins and ends, but with the quest for a male identity congruent with that generally adopted as a model in the United States. In the novel, male identity is problematized by its embedded contextualization in multiple-tongued, duplicitous and abject ethnic identities, still subordinate or subaltern to white-Anglophone-centric norms. The elder Korean male figures (the father, the political mentor), present in the novel, fail to, or cannot, serve as American fathers. Without fathers able to nurture the immigrant son to a psychologically successful manhood (dramatized as a subject possessing authentic agency with the capacity to sustain intimate and social relationships), the novel’s late 20th century re-inscription of the quintessentially American theme of quest for individual self takes the English language (also allegorized in the figure of the upper-class white wife, Leila) as the sentimental trope by which a national manhood is to be achieved—a post-immigrant salvation that is figuratively and literally articulated.
Keywords: Korean American identity; migrant narratives; acculturation; white Anglocentrism; ethnic agency; Chang-rae Lee; Native Speaker; money; command of English; manhood; abjection
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University of California, Santa Barbara USA United States
Shirley Geok-Lin Lim is a Professor in the English Department at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She received her Ph.D. from Brandeis University in 1973, and has also taught at internationally, at the National University of Singapore, NIE of Nanyang Technological University, and most recently as Chair Professor at the University of Hong Kong. Her research interests include Asian-American and post-colonial cultural productions and ethnic and feminist writing. She is the author of five books of poems; three books of short stories; two books of criticism: Nationalism and Literature (1993) and Writing South/East Asia in English: Against the Grain (1994); a book of memoirs, Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homelands (1996), and a novel, Joss and Gold (2001). She has served as editor/co-editor of numerous scholarly works, including The Forbidden Stitch (1989), Approaches to Teaching Kingston’s The Woman Warrior (1991), and Transnational Asia Pacific (1999). Professor Lim is currently at work on a study of gender and nation in Asian American representations.
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