Functional equations with an anti-endomorphism for functions with multidimensional codomains
Abstract
Let S be a semigroup, ℍ be the skew field of quaternions, and ψ: S→S be an anti-endomorphism. We determine the general solution of the functional equation
g(xy) - g(xψ(y)) = 2g(x)g(y), x,y ∈ S,
where g: S→ℂ is the unknown function. And when S = M is a monoid, we solve the functional equation
g(xy) + g(xψ(y)) = 2g(x)g(y), x,y ∈ M,
where g: M→ℍ is the unknown function.
Keywords
functional equation; semigroup; anti-endomorphism; quaternion
References
J. d’Alembert, Addition au Mémoire sur la courbe que forme une corde tendue mise en vibration, Hist. Acad. Berlin 1750 (1750), 355–360.
M. Ayoubi and D. Zeglami, D’Alembert’s functional equations on monoids with an anti-endomorphism, Results Math. 75 (2020), no. 2, Paper No. 74, 12 pp.
M. Ayoubi and D. Zeglami, A variant of d’Alembert’s functional equation on semigroups with an anti-endomorphism, Aequationes Math. 96 (2022), no. 3, 549–565.
M. Ayoubi and D. Zeglami, D’Alembert -functions on semigroups, Arch. Math. (Basel) 118 (2022), no. 3, 239–245.
M. Ayoubi and D. Zeglami, D’Alembert’s -matrix functional equation on groups with an anti-endomorphism, Mediterr. J. Math. 19 (2022), no. 5, Paper No. 219, 13 pp.
M. Ayoubi, D. Zeglami, and A. Mouzoun, D’Alembert’s functional equation on monoids with both an endomorphism and an anti-endomorphism, Publ. Math. Debrecen 99 (2021), no. 3–4, 413–429.
T.M.K. Davison, D’Alembert’s functional equation on topological monoids, Publ. Math. Debrecen 75 (2009), no. 1–2, 41–66.
B. Ebanks and H. Stetkær, D’Alembert’s other functional equation, Publ. Math. Debrecen 87 (2015), no. 3–4, 319–349.
Pl. Kannappan, The functional equation f(xy) + f(xy^{-1}) = 2f(x)f(y) for groups, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 19 (1968), 69–74.
A. Ouhabi, D. Zeglami, and M. Ayoubi, Quaternion-valued d’Alembert functions on semigroups, Bol. Soc. Mat. Mex. (3) 30 (2024), no. 2, Paper No. 66, 13 pp.
A. Ouhabi, D. Zeglami, and M. Ayoubi, Quaternion-valued multiplicative function on semigroups, Aequationes Math. (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s00010-024-01040-w
H. Stetkær, Functional Equations on Groups, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2013.
H. Stetkær, A note on Wilson’s functional equation, Aequationes Math. 91 (2017), no. 5, 945–947.
H. Stetkær, The small dimension lemma and d’Alembert’s equation on semigroups, Aequationes Math. 95 (2021), no. 2, 281–299.
D. Yang, Functional equations and Fourier analysis, Canad. Math. Bull. 56 (2013), no. 1, 218–224.
Department of Mathematics, E.N.S.A.M, Moulay Ismail University Morocco
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1317-630X
Department of Mathematics, E.N.S.A.M, Moulay Ismail University Morocco
Department of Science Didactics, E.S.E.F, Sultan Moulay Slimane University Morocco
The Copyright Holders of the submitted text are the Author and the Journal. The Reader is granted the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution (CC BY). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.
- License
This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license. - Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. - User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor. - Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.