Parents’ Perceptions of Children’s Bi-/Multilingualism

Zofia Chłopek
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-8710
Jacek Pradela
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-4253

Abstract

Nowadays, many children all over the world are raised with more than one native language. The aim of the present study was to investigate how parents/caregivers evaluate the language competences of children growing up with two or more languages from birth or from very early in life. The results indicate that the language skills of young bi-/multilinguals are generally perceived to be comparable to those of their monolingual peers, though they are typically asymmetrical. Cross-linguistic influence is a common phenomenon which does not raise parents’ concern. The outcomes also point to certain factors which may shape children’s language competences.


Keywords

early bilingualism and multilingualism; native language acquisition; cross-linguistic influence

Barnes, J. D. (2006). Early trilingualism: A focus on questions. Multilingual Matters.

Cenoz, J. (2003). The additive effect of bilingualism on third language acquisition: A review. International Journal of Bilingualism, 7(1), 71–87.

Chłopek, Z. (2011). Nabywanie języków trzecich i kolejnych oraz wielojęzyczność: Aspekty psycholingwistyczne (i inne). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.

Chłopek, Z. (2016). Early bilingualism and multilingualism: Parents’ and caregivers’ attitudes and observations. Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-06204-5

D’Angelo, F., & Sorace, A. (2022). The additive effect of metalinguistic awareness in third or additional language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(10), 3551–3567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2022.2064710

De Houwer, A. (2005). Early bilingual acquisition: Focus on morphosyntax and the separate development hypothesis. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 30–48). Oxford University Press.

De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. Multilingual Matters.

De Houwer, A. (2022). The danger of bilingual-monolingual comparisons in applied linguistic research. Applied Psycholinguistics, First View, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271642200042X

Döpke, S. (1998). Competing language structures: The acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German-English children. Journal of Child Language, 25(3), 555–584. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000998003584

Gatto, D. (2004). Ein Kind–drei Sprachen: Bericht einer longitudinalen Fallstudie. In B. Hufeisen & N. Marx (Eds.), Beim Schwedischlernen sind Englisch und Deutsch ganz hilfsvoll. Untersuchungen zum multiplen Sprachenlernen (pp. 163–176). Peter Lang.

Genesee, F., & Nicoladis, E. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. In E. Hoff & M. Shatz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of language development (pp. 324–342). Wiley-Blackwell.

Gósy, M. (2007). Speech perception processing in first and second language in bilinguals and L2 learners. In Z. Lengyel & J. Navracsics (Eds.), Second language lexical processes: Applied linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives (pp. 39–59). Multilingual Matters.

Grosjean, F. (1989). Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person. Brain and Language, 36 (1), 3–15.

Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Multilingual Matters.

Hoff, E., Core, C., Place, S., Rumiche, R., Senor, M., & Parra, M. (2012). Dual language exposure and early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 39, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000910000759

Hoffmann, C., & Stavans, A. (2007). The evolution of trilingual codeswitching from infancy to school age: The shaping of trilingual competence through dynamic language dominance. International Journal of Bilingualism, 11(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069070110010401

Jessner, U. (2006). Linguistic awareness in multilinguals: English as a third language. Edinburgh University Press.

Johnsen, R. V. (2022). “Quiero juksar en la julaftenito”—Playfulness and metalinguistic awareness in translingual family interactions. Multilingua, 41(1), 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2019-0120

Legacy, J., Zesiger, P., Friend, M., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2018). Vocabulary size and speed of word recognition in very young French-English bilinguals: A longitudinal study. Bilingualism, 21(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000833

Li, W. (2018). Translanguaging as a practical theory of language. Applied Linguistics, 39(1): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039

Li, W., & Hua, Z. (2015). Challenges of multilingualism to the family. In U. Jessner-Schmid & C. J. Kramsch (Eds.), The multilingual challenge: Cross-disciplinary perspectives (pp. 21–38). Walter de Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614512165-002

Montanari, S. (2009). Pragmatic differentiation in early trilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 36, 597–627. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000908009112

Müller, N., & Hulk, A. (2001). Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728901000116

Navracsics, J. (1998). The acquisition of Hungarian by trilingual children. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Janus Pannonius University of Pécs, Hungary.

Oller, D. K., Pearson, B. Z., & Cobo-Lewis, A. B. (2007). Profile effects in early bilingual language and literacy. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28 (2), 191–230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716407070117

Ordóñez, C. L. (2004). EFL and native Spanish in elite bilingual schools in Colombia: A first look at bilingual adolescent frog stories. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7(5), 449–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050408667825

Paradis, M. (2004). A neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. John Benjamins.

Paradis, M. (2009). Declarative and procedural determinants of second languages. John Benjamins.

Paradowski, M., & Michałowska, M. (2016). Establishing a bilingual home: Parents’ perspective on the effectiveness of the adopted communication strategies. Lingwistyka Stosowana, 17(2), 43–65.

Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76(27), 1–23.

Safont Jordà, M. P. (2003). Metapragmatic awareness and pragmatic production of third language learners of English: A focus on request acts realizations. International Journal of Bilingualism, 7(1), 43–69.

Sharwood Smith, M., & Kellerman, E. (1986). Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition: an introduction. In E. Kellerman & M. Sharwood Smith (Eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in second language acquisition (pp. 1–9). Pergamon.

Thomas, J. (1988). The role played by metalinguistic awareness in second and third language learning. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 9(3), 235–246.

Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press.

Ullman, M. T. (2001). The neural basis of lexicon and grammar in first and second language: the declarative/procedural model. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728901000220

van Dijk, C., van Wonderen, E., Koutamanis, E., Kootstra, G. J., Dijkstra, T., & Unsworth, S. (2022). Cross-linguistic influence in simultaneous and early sequential bilingual children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Language, 49(5), 897–929. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000337

Vásquez Carranza, L. M. (2009). Cognitive advantages of balanced bilingualism. Revista Pensamiento Actual, 9(12–13), 69–78.

Verschueren, J. (2000). Notes on the role of metapragmatic awareness in language use. Pragmatics, 10(4), 439–456.

Download

Published : 2024-03-29


ChłopekZ., & PradelaJ. (2024). Parents’ Perceptions of Children’s Bi-/Multilingualism. Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition, 10(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.31261/TAPSLA.14547

Zofia Chłopek  chlopekzofia@gmail.com
University of Bialystok  Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-8710
Jacek Pradela 
Silesian University of Technology  Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-4253




Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Copyright Holders of the submitted texts are the Authors. The Reader is granted the rights to use the material available in the TAPSLA websites and pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution - Share Alike  (CC BY-SA 4.0). The user is free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

1. License

The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

2. Author’s Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.

If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".

ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).

3. User Rights

Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.

4. Co-Authorship

If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.

I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.