Are they part of the equation? – foreign language teachers versus language attrition A diagnostic study



Abstract

Non-pathological language attrition has been thoroughly investigated in the context of first as well as second language (for review, see Bardovi-Harlig & Stringer, 2010; Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012). However, still not enough is known about language attrition in a different population. Foreign language teachers, who often fight an uphill battle trying to prevent their learners’ lack of progress, may also face a different challenge. Namely, their own linguistic skills may regress as well. Therefore, the inquiry should be extended so as to include this population. As a result, in the present study we aim to investigate the extent to which FL teachers are aware of the phenomenon of language attrition. The diagnostic study was motivated by anecdotal evidence and frequent interactions with foreign language teachers. Our observations rested on the assumption that FL teachers may experience stagnation in the language they teach or may even be on the verge of language regression. 21 primary school non-native foreign language teachers (mean age 29) representing both rural and urban areas participated in the study. All participants had a B.A. in elementary education and were pursuing their M.A. in language teaching. In our pilot study, they were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire including both closed-ended and open-ended questions. The preliminary analysis reveals factors contributing to language loss among foreign language teachers and suggests future research directions.


Keywords

foreign language acquisition; language attrition FL teacher

Au, T. K., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S.J., Oh, S. (2002) Overhearing a language during childhood.

Psychological Science 13, 238–243.

Bahrick, H. (1984) Fifty years of second language attrition: Implications for programming research. Modern Language Journal 68, 105–111.

Bardovi-Harlig, K., Stringer D. (2010) Variables in second language attrition. Advancing the

State of the Art. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32, 1–45.

Benke, E., Medgyes, P. (2005) Differences in teaching behaviour between native and non-

native speaker teachers: As seen by the learners. In E. Llurda (ed.) Non-native language

teachers: Perceptions, challenges and contributions to the profession (pp. 195–215). New

York: Springer.

Brown, H.D.(1994) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Regents: Prentice Hall.

Canagarajah, A. S. (1999) Interrogating the ‘native speaker fallacy’: Non-linguistic roots, non-pedagogical results. In G. Braine (ed.) Non-Native Educators in English Language Teaching (pp.77–92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Consolo, D.A. (2006) On a (Re)definition of Oral Language Proficiency for EFL Teachers: Perspectives and Contributions from Current Research. Melbourne Papers in Language Testing 1, 1–28.

Cook, V. (2012) 'The native speaker' and 'Multicompetence'. In: P. Robinson (ed.) Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition (pp.454–455; 447–450). London: Routledge.

Cullen, R. (1994) Incorporating a language improvement component in teacher training programmes. ELT Journal 48(2), 162–72.

Di Martino, E. and Di Sabato, B. (2012) CLIL implementation in Italian schools: Can long-serving teachers be retrained effectively? The Italian protagonists’ voice. Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning 5 (2), 73–105.

Di Martino, E. and Di Sabato, B. (2012). CLIL in Italian schools: The issue of content teachers' competence in the foreign language conference: Approaches to CLIL, University of Pamplona 2012, In R. Breeze, F. Jiménez Berrio, C. Llamas Saíz, C. Martínez Pasamar, C. Tabernero Sala (eds.). Approaches to CLIL / Propuestas docentes en AICLE (pp.71–82.). Pamplona: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra,

Douglas, D. (2000) Assessing Languages for Specific Purposes: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Douglas, D. (2000) Three problems in testing language for specific purposes: authenticity, specificity, and inseparability. In C. Elder, A. Brown, K.N. Hill, N. Iwashita, T. Lumley, T.F.

McNamara, K. O’Loughlin (eds) Experimenting with uncertainty: essays in honour of Alan Davies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Elder, C. (1993a) Language proficiency as predictor of performance in teacher education. Melbourne Papers in Language Testing 2 (1), 1–17.

Elder, C. (1993b) How do subject specialists construe classroom language proficiency?

Language Testing 10 (3), 235–54.

Elder, C. (1993c) The Proficiency Test for Language Teachers: Italian, Volume 1: Final Report on the Test Development Process. Melbourne: NLLIA Language Testing Centre, University of Melbourne.

Elder, C. (1994) Performance testing as benchmark for foreign language teacher education. Babel. Journal of the Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations 29 (2), 9–19.

Elder, C. (1995) Are raters’ judgments of language teacher effectiveness wholly language-based? Melbourne Papers in Language Testing 3 (2), 40–59.

Elder, C. (2001) Assessing the Language Proficiency of Teachers: Are There Any Border Controls? Language Testing 18, 149–170.

European Survey on Language Competences (2015).

Hansen, L. (2011) The acquisition, attrition, and relearning of mission vocabulary. In: M.S.

Schmid and W. Lowie (eds) Modeling Bilingualism: From structure to chaos (pp.115–134).

Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Harmer, J. (2007). How to Teach English. China: Pearson Education Limited.

Herdina, P. and Jessner U. (2002) A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism: Changing the

Psycholinguistic Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Holmes, J. (2008) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Pearson Longman.

Lasagabaster, D. and Sierra, J.M. (2005) The nativeness factor: an analysis of students’ preferences. ITL International Journal of Applied Linguistics 148, 21–43.

Llurda, E. (2005) Non-native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges, and Contributions to the Profession. New York: Springer.

Macaro, E. (2005) Codeswitching in the L2 classroom: A communication and learning strategy, in E. Llurda (ed.) Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges, and contributions to the profession. New York: Springer.

Mehotcheva, T. H. (2010) After the fiesta is over: Foreign language attrition of Spanish in

Dutch and German Erasmus students. PhD Thesis, GRODIL series (86), University of

Groningen / RECERCAT, Pompeu Fabra University.

Mills, K.L, Goddings, A.-L., Herting, M., Meuwese, R., Blakemore, S.-J., Crone, E.A., Dahl, R.E., Güroğl, B., Raznahan A.(2016) Structural brain development between childhood and adulthood: Convergence across four longitudinal samples. NeuroImage 141 (1), 273–281.

Miller, A. K. H., Alston, R. L., Corsellis, J. A. N. (1980) Variation with age in the volumes of grey and white Matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man: Measurements with an image analyser. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 6 (2), 119–32.

Mowla, S. (2008) Techniques of Teaching English. Hyderabad: Sri Vinayaka Art Printers.

Neisser, U. (1984) Interpreting Harry Bahrick’s discovery: What confers immunity against

forgetting? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113, 32–35.

Nicholas, H. (1993) Languages at the Crossroads: the Report of the National Enquiry into the Employment and Supply of Teachers of Languages other than English. Victoria: National Language and Literacy Institute of Australia.

Preston, D. R. (1982) How to lose a language. The Interlanguage studies bulletin: ISB on

naturalistic and guided second language learning 6, 64-87

Reilly, T. (1988) Maintaining Foreign Language Skills. ERIC Digest.

Schmid, M. S. and Mehotcheva, T.H. (2012) Foreign language attrition. Dutch Journal of

Applied Linguistics 1 (1), 102–124.

Schmid, M. S. and Dusseldorp E. (2010) Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of

language attrition. Second Language Research 26 (1), 125–160.

Schmid, M.S., Köpke B., de Bot, K. (2013) Language attrition as a complex, non-linear development. International Journal of Bilingualism 17 (6), 675–683.

Swales, J. (1990) Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Szupica-Pyrzanowska, M. (2016) Language attrition – implications for second/foreign language acquisition. Lingwistyka Stosowana 16 (1), 97–108.

Viete, R. (1998) Culturally sensitive and equitable assessment of oral English for overseas-qualified teacher trainees. Journal of Intercultural Studies 19 (2), 171–84.

Weltens, B. and Cohen A. D. (1989) Language attrition research: An introduction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11, 127–133.

Włosowicz, T.M. (2016) English Language Attrition in Teachers: Questions of Language Proficiency, Language Maintenance and Language Attitudes. 28th International Conference on Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Learning, Szczyrk, Poland, 19–21 May 2016

Download

Published : 2017-12-12


Szupica-PyrzanowskaM., & MalesaK. (2017). Are they part of the equation? – foreign language teachers versus language attrition A diagnostic study. Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition, 3(2). Retrieved from https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/TAPSLA/article/view/6108

Małgorzata Szupica-Pyrzanowska  m.szupica-pyrz@uw.edu.pl
The Institute of Applied Linguistics University of Warsaw  Poland

Assistant Professor
Institute of Applied Linguistics,Warsaw University


Katarzyna Malesa 
The Institute of Applied Linguistics University of Warsaw 



Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The Copyright Holders of the submitted texts are the Authors. The Reader is granted the rights to use the material available in the TAPSLA websites and pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution - Share Alike  (CC BY-SA 4.0). The user is free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

1. License

The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

2. Author’s Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.

If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".

ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).

3. User Rights

Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.

4. Co-Authorship

If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.

I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.