Probability on submetric spaces
Abstract
A submetric space is a topological space with continuous metrics, generating a metric topology weaker than the original one (e.g. a separable Hilbert space with the weak topology).
We demonstrate that on submetric spaces there exists a theory of convergence in probability, in law etc. equally effective as the Probability Theory on metric spaces. In the theory on submetric spaces the central role is played by a version of the Skorokhod almost sure representation, proved by the author some 25 years ago and in 2010 rediscovered by specialists in stochastic partial differential equations in the form of “stochastic compactness method”.
Keywords
submetric space; sequential topologies; convergence of probability measures; convergence in probability; Skorokhod almost sure representation; stochastic compactness method
References
P. Billingsley, Convergence of Probability Measures, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1968.
D. Blackwell and L.E. Dubbins, An extension of Skorohod’s almost sure representation theorem, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 89 (1983), no. 4, 691–692.
V.I. Bogachev and A.V. Kolesnikov, Open mappings of probability measures and the Skorokhod representation theorem, Teor. Veroyatnost. i Primenen. 46 (2001), no. 1, 3–27. (SIAM translation: Theory Probab. Appl. 46 (2002), no. 1, 20–38.)
D. Breit, E. Feireisl, and M. Hofmanová, Stochastically Forced Compressible Fluid Flows, De Gruyter, Berlin-Boston, 2018.
Z. Brzeźniak and M. Ondreját, Weak solutions to stochastic wave equations with values in Riemannian manifolds, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 36 (2011), no. 9, 1624–1653.
P. Cheridito, M. Kiiski, D.J. Prömel, and H.M. Soner, Martingale optimal transport duality, Math. Ann. 379 (2021), no. 3–4, 1685–1712.
X. Fernique, Processus linéaires, processus généralisés, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 17 (1967), 1–92.
X. Fernique, Un modèle presque sûr pour la convergence en loi, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 306 (1988), no. 7, 335–338.
G. Gruenhage, Generalized metric spaces, in: K. Kunen and J.E. Vaughan (eds.), Handbook of Set-Theoretic Topology, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984, pp. 423–501.
A. Jakubowski, A non-Skorohod topology on the Skorohod space, Electron. J. Probab. 2 (1997), no. 4, 21 pp.
A. Jakubowski, The almost sure Skorokhod representation for subsequences in nonmetric spaces, Teor. Veroyatnost. i Primenen. 42 (1997), no. 1, 209–216. (SIAM translation: Theory Probab. Appl. 42 (1998), no. 1, 167–174.)
A. Jakubowski, From convergence of functions to convergence of stochastic processes. On Skorokhod’s sequential approach to convergence in distribution, in: V.S. Korolyuk, N.I. Portenko, and H.M. Syta (eds.), Skorokhod’s Ideas in Probability Theory, Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2000, pp. 179–194.
A. Jakubowski, New characterizations of the S topology on the Skorokhod space, Electron. Commun. Probab. 23 (2018), no. 2, 16 pp.
A. Jakubowski, Convergence in law in metric and submetric spaces, in preparation.
J. Kisynski, Convergence du type L, Colloq. Math. 7 (1959), 205–211.
L. Le Cam, Convergence in distribution of stochastic processes, Univ. California Publ. Statist. 2 (1957), 207–236.
M. Ondreját, Stochastic nonlinear wave equations in local Sobolev spaces, Electron. J. Probab. 15 (2010), no. 33, 1041–1091.
K.R. Parthasarathy, Probability Measures on Metric Spaces, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
Yu.V. Prohorov, Convergence of random processes and limit theorems in probability theory, Teor. Veroyatnost. i Primenen. 1 (1956), 177–238. (SIAM translation: Theory Probab. Appl. 1 (1956), no. 2, 157–214.)
A.V. Skorokhod, Limit theorems for stochastic processes, Teor. Veroyatnost. i Primenen. 1 (1956), 289–319. (SIAM translation: Theory Probab. Appl. 1 (1956), no. 3, 261–290.)
Wydział Matematyki i Informatyki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-7784
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Copyright Holders of the submitted text are the Author and the Journal. The Reader is granted the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution (CC BY). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.
- License
This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license. - Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. - User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor. - Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.