In recent decades political activity has become more and more personalized. Thus, to achieve political success, it is necessary to have a recognizable and popular party leader. Polish left-wing parties have adopted a different strategy. Instead of betting on one leader, they promote “three tenors” from different political generations (Robert Biedroń, Włodzimierz Czarzasty, and Adrian Zandberg). The aim of our study (N=379) is to diagnose how voters perceive the political images of these left-wing leaders and what feelings they have towards them. We confirm the findings from other studies suggesting the effect of political preferences and ideological orientation on the perception of political image and emotional attitudes to party leaders.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought entirely new challenges to state crisis management. Until then, none of the governments had faced the need to stop almost all social and economic life. The fight against the pandemic required the introduction of numerous restrictions limiting mobility and interpersonal contacts. Initially, people did not widely deny their necessity, but over time parts of society protested increasingly against further restrictions. In this article, we check whether party preferences and socio-demographic features influenced the assessment of the Polish government's actions to counter the pandemic's spread. For this purpose, we develop a 10-item anti-COVID-19 activity (ACA) scale consisting of a general assessment of COVID-19 counteracting activity and evaluation of its various dimensions (e.g., online education, health care system, vaccination system and help for entrepreneurs). The research confirms a significant difference in how government activities are perceived in relation to political preferences and gender. The study participants negatively assessed the anti-COVID policy. Furthermore, men and voters of the Confederation turned out to be particularly unfavorable to the government's actions.

Since 2002 in Poland voters in the local government elections can directly elect the head of the rural municipality, mayor and city president. Local elections, in Polish conditions, are treated as an arena favourable for local committees, often non-party. However, it should be noted that many analyses show that the higher the level of self-government, the more important the committees of political parties are. The increase in the participation of political parties in the election competition is also noticeable in medium and large cities. The author decided to check whether the cities with poviat status of the Silesian Voivodeship favour party committees or rather a committee unrelated to any political parties. For this purpose, the participation and effectiveness of these committees in local elections of cities presidents with poviat rights of the Silesian Voivodeship in 2002-2018 was analysed. The study confirmed that the level of politicization in elections is increasing, however, the effectiveness of party committees in the election of city presidents is lower than the effectiveness of local committees. In addition, political parties are more active and influential in larger cities.

The French diplomatic tradition has been going on for centuries and has influenced other parts of the world. One of France's most essential foreign policy directions is relations between France and the United States. It can be said to be friendship and hatred at the same time. The deep-rooted anti-Americanism in the French and the desire by Paris to return to great power status makes these relations even more difficult. In this article, I review France's foreign policy toward the United States from 2017 to 2022. In particular, I focus on analysing the aspect of superpower status, NATO membership and UN membership. I prove that these aspects have the greatest impact on Franco-American relations.