EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of a Long Shift to Online Learning in a Saudi University during the Coronavirus Pandemic
Abstract
Discovering the new variants of coronavirus by the end of 2020 pushed many countries to continue suspending universities and schools. A complete change to online learning seemed the only available option to continue education given the detection of new coronavirus variants. Such a long time of using online learning can display how teachers experience this hard time of the pandemic. The researchers performed this study to explore EFL teachers’ perceptions of online learning in a Saudi university during this period. They aimed to have a closer look at EFL teachers’ perceptions of the sudden shift into online learning. They focused on the teachers’ benefits, drawbacks, and suggestions. They used a questionnaire and interviews to collect qualitative data to answer research questions. Results showed five benefits and two drawbacks of using online learning to teach English in that Saudi university. The benefits are being a good and useful option for teaching during the coronavirus pandemic, motivation of teachers, ease of access and use, interacting between teachers and students, and being less teacher-centered. The drawbacks are disruption by poor Internet and technical issues and cheating by students on assessments. The participants provided some suggestions to improve the benefits and overcome the drawbacks.
Keywords
benefits and drawbacks; COVID-19; online learning; Saudi EFL context; teachers’ observations
References
About Variants of the Virus that Causes COVID-19. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, February 12). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019/ncov/transmission/variant.html#:~:te=Multiple%20variants%20of%20the%20virus%20th%20causes%20COVID 2D19%20are,and%20quickly%20than%20other%20variants
Coronavirus latest: How bad is the outbreak and can you catch Covid twice? Beating Heartbreak Together. (2021, February 10). https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-mattersmagazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/covid-news
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. US food and Drug Administration. (2021, January 5). https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine
Almansour, M. I., & Alahdal, A. A. M. H. (2020). University education in KSA in COVID times: Status, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(3), 971–984.
Al-Qahtani, M. H. (2019). Teachers’ and students’ perceptions of virtual classes and the effectiveness of virtual classes in enhancing communication skills. Arab World English Journal, Special Issue: The Dynamics of EFL in Saudi Arabia. 223–240. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/efl1.16
Alshehri, A., Rutter, M., & Smith, S. (2019). Assessing the relative importance of an e-learning system usability design characteristics based on students’ preferences. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 839–855.
Al Shlowiy, A. (2021). Tracking Saudi EFL students’ reflections of online learning during coronavirus: Different rounds. Frontiers in Education, 6, 770–786. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.770786
Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2014). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29–42.
Coman, C., Țîru, L. G., Meseșan-Schmitz, L., Stanciu, C., & Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online teaching and learning in higher education during the coronavirus pandemic: Students’ perspective. Sustainability, 12(24), 10367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410367
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13, (3) 319–340.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22.
Dhull, I., & Sakshi, A. (2017). Online learning. International Education & Research Journal (IERJ), 3(8), 32–34.
Ellis, R., Ginns, P., & Piggott, L. (2009). E-learning in higher education: Some key aspects and their relationship to approaches to study. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(3), 303–318.
Freihat, N. (2020). Needs and obstacles of using the Internet in language teaching from instructors’ perspective; the case of the department of English at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 11(4), 163–180. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no4.11
Guatam, P. (2020, October 10). Advantages and disadvantages of online learning. eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-online-learning
Hakim, B. (2020). Technology integrated online classrooms and the challenges faced by the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(5), 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.5p.33
Hartshorne, R., & Ajjan, H. (2009). Examining student decisions to adopt Web 2.0 technologies: Theory and empirical tests. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 21(3), 183–198.
Hassan, M., Mirza, T., & Hussain, M. (2020). A critical review by teachers on the online teaching-learning during the COVID-19. International Journal of Education and Management Engineering (IJEME), 10(5), 17–27. https://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2020.05.03
Islam, N., Beer, M., & Slack, F. (2015). E-learning challenges faced by academics in higher education. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(5), 102–112.
Richards, J., Hull, J. & Proctor, S. (2017). Interchange. (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Khafaga, A. F. (2021). The perception of blackboard collaborate-based instruction by EFL majors/teachers amid COVID-19: A case study of Saudi universities. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(Special Issue 2), 1160–1173.
Khalawi, A., & Halabi, M. (2020). An inquiry into Saudi EFL teachers and students’ perceptions of EFL virtual classes and its relation to learner autonomy. International Journal of English Language Education, 8(2), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i2.17065
Maykut, P., & Morehouse, R. (1994). Beginning qualitative research, a philosophic and practical guide. The Falmer Press.
Nugroho, A., Ilmiani, D., & Rekha, A. (2020). EFL teachers’ challenges and insights of online teaching amidst global pandemic. Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 4(3), 277–291.
Reuters Staff (2020, December 21). Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman to close borders over new COVID strain. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN28U0UH
Saudi Gazette (2020, March 20). Entry and prayer in courtyards of the Two Holy mosques suspended. Saudi Gazette. http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/591064
Taha, R. (2021, January 7). Coronavirus: Saudi Arabia detects ten new COVID-19 variant infections. Alarabiya News. https://english.alarabiya.net/coronavirus/2021/01/07/Coronavirus-Saudi-Arabia-detects-ten-new-COVID-19-variant-infections
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report 67. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331613
WHO. (2021). New strain of Coronavirus discovered in UK. https://www.who.int/csr/don/31-december-2020-sars-cov2-variants/en/
English language and Preparatory Year Institute, Jubail, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-1987
Dept. of Languages and Publishing, Police Academy, Cairo, Egypt Egypt
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-1953
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Copyright Holders of the submitted texts are the Authors. The Reader is granted the rights to use the material available in the TAPSLA websites and pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution - Share Alike (CC BY-SA 4.0). The user is free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
1. License
The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.
If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".
ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).
3. User Rights
Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.