Armstrong, K. (2008, November 14). Do unto others. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/nov/14/religion
Google Scholar
Bluth, K., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A. (2017). Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes. Journal of Adolescence, 57, 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.001
Google Scholar
Borg, S. (2006). The distinctive characteristics of foreign language teachers. Language Teaching Research, 10(1), 3–31.
Google Scholar
Brady, J., & Wilson, E. (2021). Teacher wellbeing in England: Teacher responses to school-level initiatives. Cambridge Journal of Education, 51(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2020.1775789
Google Scholar
Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
Google Scholar
Cameron, K. (2017). Organizational compassion manifestations through organizations. In E. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 541–559). Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Carter, C. S., Bartal, I., & Porges, E. (2017). The roots of compassion: An evolutionary and neurobiological perspective. In E. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline,
Google Scholar
C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 234–252). Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
Google Scholar
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage.
Google Scholar
Cosley, B., McCoy, S. K., Saslow, L. R., & Epel, E. S. (2010). Is compassion for others stress buffering? Consequences of compassion and social support for physiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 816–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.04.008
Google Scholar
Davis, M. H. (2017). Empathy, compassion, and social relationships. In E. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 387–408). Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
De Stasio, S., Benevene, P., Pepe, A., & Buonomo, I. (2020). The interplay of compassion, subjective happiness and proactive strategies on kindergarten teachers’ work engagement and perceived working environment fit. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134869
Google Scholar
De Stasio, S., Fiorilli, C., Benevene, P., Boldrini, F., Ragni, B., Pepe, A., & Maldonado Briegas, J. J. (2019). Subjective happiness and compassion are enough to increase teachers’ work engagement? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2268. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02268
Google Scholar
Dewaele, J. M., & Wu, A. (2021). Predicting the emotional labor strategies of Chinese English Foreign Language teachers. System, 103, 102660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102660
Google Scholar
De Zulueta P. C. (2015). Developing compassionate leadership in health care: An integrative review. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S93724
Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in Applied Linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Dreer, B. (2021). Teachers’ well-being and job satisfaction: The important role of positive emotions in the workplace. Educational Studies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1940872
Google Scholar
Dundas, I., Binder, P.-E., Hansen, T., & Stige, S. H. (2017). Does a short self-compassion intervention for students increase healthy self-regulation? A randomized control trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12385
Google Scholar
Dutton, J., Workman, K. M., & Hardin, A. E. (2014). Compassion at work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 277–304. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091221
Google Scholar
Dutton, J., & Worline, M. (2020, April 3). Educators, it’s time to put on your compassion hats. Harvard Business Publishing Education. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/educators-its-time-to-put-on-your-compassion-hats
Google Scholar
Eldor, L., & Shoshani, A. (2016). Caring relationships in school staff: Exploring the link between compassion and teacher work engagement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.06.001
Google Scholar
Ergün, A. L. P., & Dewaele, J. M. (2021). Do well-being and resilience predict the foreign language teaching enjoyment of teachers of Italian? System, 99, 102506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102506
Google Scholar
Galea, S. (2020). Compassion in a time of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10241), 1897–1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31202-2
Google Scholar
Gates, T. G., Ross, D., Bennett, B., & Jonathan, K. (2021). Teaching mental health and well-being online in a crisis: Fostering love and self-compassion in clinical social work education. Clinical Social Work Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-021-00786-z
Google Scholar
Gerber, Z., Tolmacz, R., & Doron, Y. (2015). Self-compassion and forms of concern for others. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 394–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.052
Google Scholar
Gilbert, P. (2010). An introduction to compassion focused therapy in cognitive behavior therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2010.3.2.97
Google Scholar
Gkonou, C. Dewaele, J.-M., & King J. (Eds.). (2020). The emotional rollercoaster of language teaching. Multilingual Matters.
Google Scholar
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807
Google Scholar
Griffith, M., Dubow, E., & Ippolito, M. (2000). Developmental and cross-situational differences in adolescents’ coping strategies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 183–204.
Google Scholar
Han, J., Yin, H., Wang, J., & Bai, Y. (2020). Challenge job demands and job resources to university teacher well-being: The mediation of teacher efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 45(8), 1771–1785. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1594180
Google Scholar
Horwitz, E. K. (1996). Even teachers get the blues: Recognizing and alleviating non-native teachers’ feelings of foreign language anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 29, 365–372.
Google Scholar
Kotera, Y., & Van Gordon, W. (2021). Effects of self-compassion training on work-related well-being: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630798
Google Scholar
Kudo, I., & Hartley, J. (n.d.). Teaching (with) empathy and compassion in schools. Unesco. https://mgiep.unesco.org/article/teaching-with-empathy-and-compassion-in-schools
Google Scholar
Lavelle, B. D. (2017). Compassion in context: Tracing the Buddhist roots of secular, compassion-based contemplative programs. In E. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 44–55). Oxford University Press
Google Scholar
Lepp, L., Aaviku, T., Leijen, Ä., Pedaste, M., Saks, K. (2021). Teaching during COVID-19: The decisions made in teaching. Education Sciences, 11(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020047
Google Scholar
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Google Scholar
Lyubomirsky, S., & Layous, K. (2013). How do simple positive activities increase well-being? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412469809
Google Scholar
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
Google Scholar
MacIntyre, P., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2019). Setting an agenda for positive psychology in SLA: Theory, practice, and research. The Modern Language Journal, 103(1), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12544
Google Scholar
MacIntyre, P., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94(102352), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
Google Scholar
Malti, T. (2020). Kindness: A perspective from developmental psychology. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1837617
Google Scholar
Mercer, S., Oberdorfer, P., & Saleem, M. (2016). Helping language teachers to thrive: Using positive psychology to promote teachers’ professional well-being. In D. Gabryś-Barker & D. Gałajda (Eds.), Positive psychology perspectives on foreign language learning and teaching (pp. 213–229). Springer.
Google Scholar
Mercer, S. (2020). The well-being of language teachers in the private sector: An ecological perspective. Language Teaching Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820973510
Google Scholar
Mercer, S., & Gregersen, T. (2020). Teacher wellbeing. Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. (2017). Self-compassion and psychological well-being. In E. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 478–497). Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2021). Fierce self-compassion: How women can harness kindness to speak up, claim their power, and thrive. Harper Collins.
Google Scholar
Nyanamoli, B. (1964). The Path of Purification (Visuddhimagga) by Buddhaghosa. A. Semage Publications.
Google Scholar
O’Leary, Z. (2021). The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.
Google Scholar
Peterson, A. (2017). Compassion and education: Cultivating compassionate children, schools and communities. Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar
Prilleltensky, I., Neff, M., & Bessell, A. (2016). Teacher stress: What it is, why it’s important, how it can be alleviated. Theory into Practice, 55(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1148986
Google Scholar
Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 757–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.023
Google Scholar
Reimers, F., Schleicher, A., Saavedra, J., & Tuominen, S. (2020). Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annotated resources for online learning. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/Supporting-the-continuation-of-teachingand-learning-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf
Google Scholar
Roffey, S. (2012). Pupil wellbeing–teacher wellbeing: Two sides of the same coin? Educational and Child Psychology, 29, 8–17.
Google Scholar
Saltzman, L. Y., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2020). Loneliness, isolation, and social support factors in post-COVID-19 mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000703
Google Scholar
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13, 333e335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
Google Scholar
Seppälä, E. M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S. L., Worline, M. C., Cameron, C. D., & Doty, J. R. (Eds.). (2017). The Oxford handbook of compassion science. Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Sinclair, S., Beamer, K., Hack, T., McClement, S., Raffin Bouchal, S., Chochinov, H., & Hagen, N. (2017). Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences. Palliative Medicine, 31(5), 437–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
Google Scholar
Singer, T., & Klimecki, O. M. (2014). Empathy and compassion. Current Biology, 24(18), 875–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.054
Google Scholar
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Aghad, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
Google Scholar
Spilt, J. L., Koomen, H. M. Y., & Thijs, J. T. (2011). Teacher wellbeing: The importance of teacher-student relationships. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 457e477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9170-y
Google Scholar
Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. (2005). Compassionate love for close others and humanity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 629–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505056439
Google Scholar
Troman, G. (2000). Teacher stress in the low-trust society. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21(3), 331e353. https://doi.org/10.1080/713655357
Google Scholar
Vollhardt, J. R. (2009). Altruism born of suffering and prosocial behavior following adverse life events: A review and conceptualization. Social Justice Research, 22, 53–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-009-0088-1
Google Scholar
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020, March 11). WHO Director-general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Google Scholar
Zaki, J. (2020). Catastrophe compassion: Understanding and extending prosociality under crisis. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(8), 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.006
Google Scholar
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 7(3), 340–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051
Google Scholar