The purpose of the paper is to assess the relationship  between secrecy and transparency in the pre- and post-Snowden eras  in the United States. The Author analyzes, from both political and legal perspectives, the sources and outcomes of the U.S. politics of  national security with a special focus on domestic and intelligence  surveillance measures. The core argument of the paper is that, due  to the role of the executive which has always promoted the culture   of secrecy, there is no chance for the demanded transparency in  national security surveillance, despite the controlling powers of the legislative and judiciary. As the analysis proves, the United  States in the post-Snowden era seems to be the most transparent and  secretive state, at the same time.

This article uses Michael C. McGee’s concept of the ideograph to reflect Obama’s early foreign policy course regarding transatlantic relations. Specifically, the article draws on the ideograph “alliance” to demonstrate how the president redefined agents, acts, agencies, scenes, and purposes that fall within the rhetoric, thus informing how and why he changed US commitment to NATO. Analyzing Obama’s use of alliance serves to interpret his political choices as well as understand his ability to get the public to support them. By extension, a study of this nature offers a reading of the president’s perspective on US foreign policy and America’s global role.

In the article two main issues are depicted: the evaluation of activities of voyts, mayors and also the evaluation of local government activities. In a research conducted from the end of 2018 until the beginning of 2019 we decided to verify 3 hypotheses. First one was: confidence towards the local government results from positive evaluations of voyts and mayors activities. The results were compared with the data from previous research. The second hypothesis assumes, that positive evaluation of local government activities is not connected to the activities of single executive body, but is connected to how the whole system of local government works. Third one, however, assumes that local government on the level of voivodeship is rated lower than city (commune) government. Relatively high level of satisfaction about the activities of voyts and mayors, that were recorded in 2012 research not only remained but even increased. This is the factor that strengthens confidence in local government and favors their positive evaluation. Also voivodeship governments are positively evaluated by the surveyed, however, the level of satisfaction is lower than those of other local authorities.

The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the close relationship between regional development and territorial marketing, which based on the implementation of the marketing concept focuses on creating regional and local products and their effective positioning towards potential buyers. The presented thesis is a result of reflection on using regional marketing in creating regional policy, based on consideration of the specific features of the region which marketing specialists are supposed to know in order to create a marketing plan for the respective region. Further, the marketing plan may be used in the political strategy of regional development based on the satisfaction of the residents’ needs and their individual development. The care of politicians, who fulfil their functions following the election by the citizens, and the development of residents would coexist with the creation of regional development. The phenomena should be closely interrelated. When describing the interrelation from a scientific perspective, it must be said that synergy of the indicated types of activity depends on a series of facts and correlations which fall within various scientific domains. Therefore, there is a need for multidisciplinary approach. The authors of the article hypothesize that management of regional development should be supported by the professional use of regional marketing, taking into account the assumption that each organization should shape its impact system by analysing its needs, already used solutions and the needs of its stakeholders. The views expressed are based on the analysis of selected literature.