W poszukiwaniu prawa właściwego dla pracy zdalnej

Arkadiusz Gawron

doi:10.31261/PPPM.2024.34.04

Published: 2024-06-30

Vol. 34 (2024)

Searching for the Applicable Law to Remote Work

Arkadiusz Gawron

Section: Studies

https://doi.org/10.31261/PPPM.2024.34.04

Abstract

The increasing phenomenon of remote working raises challenges for employers, national legislators, as well as for private international law. The complete transfer of the employment relationship to the remote plane moves the centres of activity of the employer and the employee away from each other, which can be seen especially in employment relationships with a foreign element (e.g. employment of a permanent employee living in another country). The question then arises — momentous from the point of view of the conflict of laws rules — as to the law applicable to this employment relationship. The answer must be made in the light of the EU provisions on the law applicable to the individual employment contract (Article 8 of the Rome I Regulation) and the posting of workers (Directive 96/71/EC). Their juxtaposition may result in the need for the employer to take into account the competing legal regimes. Indeed, under Article 8(2) of the Rome I Regulation, the law applicable to an individual employment contract is the law of the country in which the employee habitually carries out his work in performance of the contract. Determining this state may, in an increasingly digital age, give rise to numerous difficulties, not least despite the considerable body of case law of the CJEU. Similar doubts may arise when assessing whether the conditions for posting set out in Directive 96/71/EC are fulfilled. An analysis of the statements of representatives of the doctrine, especially foreign
doctrine, and of the jurisprudence has made it possible to establish that the current conflict-of-law rules are not in line with the modern needs of circulation. There is also a discrepancy between the norms of international labour law and social security regulations. This leads to the conclusion that the intervention of the legislator is necessary in order to balance the conflicting expectations of employers and employees. In this context, the article is both cognitive (it contains an analysis of the existing regulations) and theoretical. The analyses and conclusions presented may also prove useful for the practice of law.

Keywords:

labour law , remote work , private international law , Rome I Regulation

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Gawron, A. (2024). Searching for the Applicable Law to Remote Work. Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego (“Problems of Private International law”), 34, 125–146. https://doi.org/10.31261/PPPM.2024.34.04

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Vol. 34 (2024)
Published: 2025-05-05

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