In praesenti studio ab auctore demonstratur relatio, quae habetur inter subjectivum aspectum debitae scientiae et inter impedimentum aetatis. Non interest eiusdem immediate tractare de habilitate subiecti ad contrahendum matrimonium, sed unice de scientia, quam habere debet. Obiectum ab auctore tractandum — est status horum problematum in canonica scientia XVI—XVIII saeculi vigens.
In prima parte studii ab auctore exhibentur doctrinales definitiones canonicae scientiae medii aevi. Impedimentum aetatis assequi debuit eum finem, ut tuta redderetur subiectiva habilitas ad eliciendum consensum matrimonialem. Ob finem matrimonii et eiusdem efficientem causam postulabatur physica et psychica maturitas nupturientium. Nullae speciales difficultates obveniebant ad probandam maturitatem physicam, difficilius tamen erat psychicam maturitatem approbare. Dubia de habilitate ad contrahendum matrimonium inprimis proveniebant relative ad personas: „proximi pubertati”. His personis consedebatur ius ad contrahendum matrimonium iuxta principium „malitia supplet aetatem”. Re vera tamen in canonica scientia aevi medii parum tantum tractabatur psychica maturitas. Praeterea tamen, ex postulatis intellectuali-volitivis, quibus nupturientes obstringuntur-adhibita intermedia via interpretandi — definiri potest necessarium obiectum cognitionis. Maxime notabilis in eo problemate est opinio Nicolai de Tudeschis, quem affirmare constat: ad praestandum consensum matrimonialem sufficientem non esse simplicem usum rationis, sed insuper postulari, ut partes possint „discernere vires matrimonii”.
In secunda parte studii ab auctore tractatur eiusdem problematis status, qui in recentiore scientia canonica illustratur — ad XVIII saeculum.
In scientia canonica XVI aevi iam prima conamina inveniuntur definiendi ipsum obiectum et limites ponendi scientiae debitae. Digna adnotandi est opinio Martini de Azpilcueta, qui postulat ab impuberis „...discretionem et iudicium sufficiens ad cognoscendum et iudicandum magnitudinem sacramenti matrimonii et iugum maritale perpetuum”. Maxime caracteristica est pro eo tempore sententia Thomae Sanchez. Eius sententia quoad discretionem iudicii ad matrimonium contrahendum postulat multas controversias evocavit posteriore tempore et iniuste ea „minimalistica” esse interpretabatur.
In canonica scientia XVII saeculi considerantur insequentia suscepta conamina ad magis praecise statuendam definitionem, qua describantur limites positivae scientiae ad contrahendum matrimonium necessariae. Sane approbandum est Thomae Sanchez conceptum: „deliberatio sufficiens ad lethaliter peccandum”, quo iam aliquo in gradu determinata esse videtur propensio sensus canonicae scientiae in agitata quaestione. In conclusionibus, quae ex sententii canonistarum dicti temporis proferuntur, auctor demonstrat — quomodo — proprio iudicio — recte interpretari debeant eorum opiniones quoad discretionem iudicii relative ad scientiam debitam.
Canonicae scientiae XVIII saeculi proprium est stabilire communem opinionem quoad recte approbandum modum intellegendi „discretionem iudicii” et aequipollentem reddere interpretationem normae „malitia supplet aetatem”. Auctor adnotat habilitatem intellectuali-volitivam, quae a nupturientibus exigitur, non posse aequiparaari scientiae debitae. Cum vero agitur de norma „discretio iudicii”, comprobatur sane habilitas subiecti ad contrahendum matrimonium. Criterium eius generis habilitatis stat stat in scientia postulata, ad quam cognoscendam subiectum debet esse habile. Limites talis scientiae sunt multo latiores quam scientiae debitae. Peracta diversi generis analysi opinionis P. Böckhn auctor demonstrat, quomodo in scientia canonica XVIII aevii intellegere tur necessitas cognoscendi naturam et finem matrimonii.
In summario studii auctor iudicat analysim opinionum canonistarum XVI—XVIII saeculi demonstrare, quomodo per scientiam canonicam gradatim ageretur sensus normae „discretio iudicii” ac quomodo eius auxilio definiri posset subiectum, necnon intermedia adhibita via inquirendi etiam obiectam et limites scientiae, quae postulatur ad eliciendum validum consensum matrimonialem.
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Vol. 13 (1980)
Published: 2021-03-10
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