The aim of this paper is an indication that some of the problems experienced by Stanisław Chołoniewski (1791—1846) — slogans of age and salon and anti-salon — may be useful in describing the current reality.
The concept of slogans of ages is an original representation of catchwords which affect people remarkably, as the cnocept engages it’s audience and enduce strong emotions. Chołoniewski characterizes these slogans, examines their origins and the manner of their action. The following issue described is the relation between two social groups: salon and anti-salon, who compete for influence over society. This competition, except outside manifestations, takes place also within the individuals as a conflict of values.
Both of these questions are indirectly related to the Idea of Progress, which was analyzed by Chołoniewski from a Catholic point of view. A juxtaposition of these three elements completes the understanding of each of them. This analysis concerns 19th century and may also explain some of the important social questions that society is faced with today.

The aim of this article is to present the philosophical conception of man formulated by M.A. Krąpiec, one of the foremost representatives of existential Thomism. This conception is shown within the context of the philosophical foundations of social and political life. It is justified by the fact that man is the real purpose and subject of political activity. However, the understanding of politics depends on the understanding of man; from this perspective man appears as a person — an independently existing subject, comprising a unity of body and soul and endowed with intellectual cognition and free will. Such a person expresses him-/herself most fully through acts of decision; in these acts, as well as in acts of cognition and love, the human person transcends nature and society. This attests to the particular dignity of the human person and points to the fact that every human person has inherent inalienable rights.

In the article, I want to describe the place of Immanuel Kant and Hermann Cohen’s Neo-Kantianism in the thought of Stanisław L. Brzozowski philosophy. So the critical image of philosophy is showing the project of Kant, so the concept of Cohen is — how Brzozowski thinks — with an expression of truly independent reflection. In the system of Cohen, author Legenda Młodej Polski…, a tendency to intellectual initiative free from positivist and modernist restrictions notices. How the history of philosophy is showing, both favored German classics of transcendental method, freedoms treat the criticism as a contemporary concept and innovative original thought. Meanwhile, for Brzozowski, criticism is an opportunity for including the philosophy of Kant into the form of the summons to the creative bravery, and it all at the same time is also Marburg doctrine, in accordance which is an existence missing apart from becoming eternal and ceaseless (eternal fieri).

This paper refers to the Russians’ and Belarusians’ interests of the Polish philosophical and social thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Polish thought — in the wide understanding of this notion — despite the political difficulties, it is known and commented behind the eastern Polish border. Seldom the Polish thought is a point of reference for building their own intellectual self-knowledge.Art

The proclamation of pessimistic visions of the future of western civilization was a characteristic feature of the Polish social thought in the first half of the 20th century. However, there are also concepts in which the future of humanity was presented optimistically. They include the philosophy of history by Feliks Młynarski. In the opinion of the philosopher, the history of humanity is arranged according to the opposition of individualism and universalism. The western civilization stands at the threshold of advantageous changes that lead towards the rule of individualism. In the future, the creative initiative of a human unit will be appreciated, it will be the time of social justice and human freedom.

“Evolution and Ethics” is both a fundamental problem to consider for any philosopher who accepts Darwin’s theory and title of two papers. First written by Thomas H. Huxley second by John Dewey. The former was philosophizing naturalist, creator of the early curriculum for biology. Despite supporting theory of evolution he opposed deriving any ethical principles from evolution. The latter was a philosopher associated with pragmatism and theories of pedagogy. He was also a supporter of evolutionism. In his paper “Evolution and Ethics” he commented “Romanes lecture” delivered by Huxley. Pragmatist proposed different understanding of the process of evolution and (what this paper try to show) different Ethical position induced from an understanding of the mentioned process. Huxley’s skeptical view on evolutionary ethics can be founded not only on his understanding of this process. His skepticism can be interpreted as opposition to any form of naturalism in ethics.

The aim of the article is the forgotten dispute regarding the world-view value of Thomism, taking place in the early 1960s in the Polish Catholic press. I attempt to present and evaluate the theses and arguments of both sides (critics as well as advocates of Thomism). My claim is that the dispute anticipated the loud discussion with Thomism initiated by J. Tischner in the 1970s and designated the areas of confrontation, as well as, the content and the character of the arguments for and against Thomism.

The article deals with the problem of “quality of life” from the philosophical perspective. In contemporary scientific studies, the issue of quality of life is analyzed in sociological, political and medical aspects. The author of the article is looking for a philosophical model of theoretical reflection on the quality of life, he refers to this problem in the recognition philosophy of values. His research is based on the ideas of Max Scheler, and his later continuators. The author analyzes the problem of “quality of life” in the axiological, biological and cultural perspectives. The philosophical thought, and especially its axiological approach, is necessary to understand the phenomenon of quality of life in different contexts.