In den theologischen Aspekten der biblischen Idee der Bundeslade kann man besonders die Gottes Gegenwart und die Gottes Macht im Wirken Jahwes in Israel bemerken. Diese Gottes Gegenwart zeigt die irdische Wohnstatt Jahwes in der Mitte des Gottes Volkes an. In den Bibelerzählungen über die Wandergeschichte der Israeliten durch die Wüste nach dem Verheissenen Land – Kanaan, räumte die Bundeslade den zentralen Platz im Zelt in der Mitte des Lagers (Ps 132,8). In Jer 3,16n sagt man, dass Jahwe geheimnisfor im Jerusalemer Tempel und in den Herzen der Israeliten wohnt. Diese Ideen waren ein Ergebnis der Gegenwart Jahwes inmitten des Gottesvolkes, in der Hauptstadt im Jerusalemer Tempel. Die Bundeslade endet ihre irdische Wanderung in einer geheimer Grotte auf dem Berg Nebo, wovon wie Mose, kann man das ganze Land der Heilsgeschichte Israels sehen (2 Mach 2,1-8).
In unseren Texten ist keine Rede über die Keruben und die Sühnetafel, wie wir z. B. in 1 Krn 28,11; 1 Sm 4,4; Ps 80,2; 99,1 lesen können. Aber in Ps 132; Jer 3,14–18 und 2 Mach 2,1–8 finden wir die Lehre über Thora und Zehn Gebote die die Israeliten in ihren Leben halten sollen, darum hat Jahwe mit ihnen den Bund auf dem Sinai geschlossen. Aus diesem Bund kommt der israelitische Kult her: die Pilgerwanderungen und die liturgischen Sammlungen. In dem Kontext des Themas „Bundeslade” sagt man auch über messianischen Zeiten. In der Zukunft kommt der Messias – ein König aus der davidischen Dynastie. Der wird das Licht der Welt und ein Zeugniss der Gottes Macht und Gottes Herrlichkeit sein (Ps 132,17n; 2 Mach 2,8). Diese alttestamentlichen Verheissungen erfüllt Jesus Christus, weil in ihm die Gottheit wohnt. Jesus Christus ist auch der versprechene Gute Hirt dessen Herrschaft aus Jerusalem bis himmlischen Tempel hingeht (Jer 3,15–17).
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Vol. 33 (2000)
Published: 2021-02-10
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