La question du risque et de la sécurité du travail est analysée à la lumière de l'éthique sociale, avec une application à la situation sociale contemporaine dans les pays industrialisés. Le risque du travail est divisé en trois groupes: le risque de l'embauchage, le risque de l'incapacité au travail, et le risque au cours du travail.
Le premier risque touche finalement l'ouvrier lui-même. La société peut venir en aide à l'individu par une politique sociale appropriée et une assurance sociale. Le second genre de risque est également écarté par la société par le moyen des assurances obligatoires. Le troisième genre de risque touche avant tout le sujet qui embauche. L'ouvrier ici n'est responsable que dans les cas de délit, ayant égard à ses possibilités financières et à sa condition sociale.
Dans le seconde partie, il est question de la sécurité du travail garantie par l'Etat. On y constate toute une série d'effets secondaires négatifs pour la vie de l'individu et de celle de la société. Toutefois les effets positifs sont d'une telle importance, et le but lui-même est à ce point libre de toute entâche morale, que son application s'avère nécessaire.
Les énonciations officielles de l'Église et de certains moralistes catholiques étaient, au début, contraires aux méthodes de sécurité sociale du travail. Toutefois, dès la parution de l'encyclique *Mater et Magistra* jusqu'aux énonciations de Vatican II, on affirme que l'Etat peut et doit assurer ses citoyens contre le risque de l'indigence matérielle.
Cela permet d'apprécier positivement la sécurité à la lumière de l'éthique sociale.
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Vol. 6 (1973)
Published: 2021-03-10
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