Le problème du bien commun, particulièrement dans ses rapports avec le bien individuel, a déjà été traité par Aristote. C'est cependant St. Thomas qui lui a donné une place de choix dans les sciences sociales.
De nos temps, la notion du „bien commun” se trouve très souvent employée dans le langage politique et économique, comme aussi par les sociologues et les moralistes. Son contenu pourtant n'est pas partout le même. On constate des divergences jusque dans les sciences sociales catholiques elles-mêmes. Actuellement on peut distinguer dans le domaine des sciences sociales catholiques trois courants différents:
1. La notion du bien commun dans la conception des solidaristes catholiques (G. Gundlach, O. von Nell-Breuning, G. Wildmann et autres);
2. La version de J. Messner;
3. L'interprétation du bien commun élaborée par A. F. Utz et ses élèves de l'Institut International des Sciences Sociales et Politiques de Fribourg (Suisse).
Les solidaristes contemporains soulignent l'aspect institutionnel du bien commun; J. Messner, quoique basant sur les mêmes principes que les solidaristes, semble apercevoir un aspect plus humain de ce bien, en même temps que son pluralisme; Utz et son école affirment nettement que le bien commun est une valeur humaine et personnelle, ce qui lui donne un caractère de norme morale et juridique la plus haute dans la société.
L'auteur de l'article s'efforce de soumettre à une juste analyse critique les trois opinions susdites, pour essayer de donner lui-même sa propre définition du bien commun. Il démontre que le sens plénier du bien commun implique aussi bien les valeurs humaines personnelles que l'élément institutionnel. Cela ne signifie pos que ces deux éléments soient de même valeur. Le facteur institutionnel joue le rôle de moyen instrumental par rapport aux éléments personnels du bien commun.
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Vol. 1 (1968)
Published: 2021-03-10
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