L'article que nous résumons est un fragment d'une étude plus large. Il est la traduction du chapitre cinquième de l'ouvrage écrit en allemand: „Sakrament in der Evangelischen Theologie der Gegenwart. Haupttypen der Sakramentsauffassungen in der zeitgenössischen, vorwiegend deutschen evangelischen Theologie” (München 1971). L'ouvrage se propose d'examiner la notion de sacrement dans les différents courants de la théologie protestante contemporaine. Le chapitre cinquième voudrait signaler l'ensemble de ces courants dans la pensée des théologiens protestants qui s'efforcent de renouveler les notions de sacrements (après les critiques sévères de théologiens comme K. Barth et R. Bultmann). Parmi eux, il faut énumérer P. Althaus, pour qui le sacrement est le verbum actuale (dans le sacrement a lieu l'acte personnel de réponse à la Parole de Dieu), et le verbum externum (le salut obtenu par le sacrement est un fait objectif indépendant des mérites de l'homme). W. Trillhaas souligne dans les sacrements l'aspect de l'activité de réception („Empfangshandlungen”). E. Käsemann s'occupe de la théologie des sacrements chez St. Paul; il est digne de remarque que la notion générale de sacrement ne fait pas défaut à St. Paul.
Les théologiens protestants mentionnés et d'autres s'intéressent principalement à trois problèmes: à la relation de la parole au sacrement (l'efficience salutaire de l'un et de l'autre); au problème du rôle la foi dans l'acte du sacrement; et — ce qui est très significatif pour la théologie protestante — au problème de la notion de sacrement en général.
Le chapitre que nous présentons ne s'occupe pas de passer à la critique les opinions des Protestants, pas plus qu'il ne veut formuler les questions qu'il faudrait leur poser. Ces problèmes constituent l'objet de la dernière partie de l'ouvrage, „Sakrament in der evangelischen Theologie der Gegenwart”.
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Vol. 5 (1972)
Published: 2021-03-10
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