https://doi.org/10.31261/CHOWANNA.2015.44.18
An inspiration for writing of this article presented: worrying results of empirical research, Humanistic Model of Assisting the Development by B.M. Kaja and the psycho-pedagogy of adventure. It is possible to suggest limiting of risk of humiliating of tutor by pupil through its transformation in 4 stages: (1) counseling; (2) short-term psycho-education; (3) long-term psychotherapy and (4) self-psychotherapy.
Stage 1. The counseling stage lasts between a few days and a few weeks and most of the time is spent on:
1a. Physical activities in the morning, e.g. walks over several kilometers in forested areas, in which the counselor accompanies tutors, the aim being to form an interpersonal relationship, fill the lungs with oxygen and activate the release of endorphins and – finally – to reach a place where counseling will be held.
1b. Counseling sessions in the afternoon. The parts of motivation enhancement these therapy sessions include: feedback on personal risk of tutor, emphasis on personal responsibility to change and clear advice to change.
Stage 2. Short-term psycho-education combined with several months of qualified tourism and participation in defensive sports activities such as judo or aikido. The parts of motivation enhancement in these therapy sessions include: empathy as an intervention approach, a menu of change options or treatment options, shaping “mental toughness” and realization of Anshel’s COPE model.
Stage 3. Long-term psychotherapy over many years enriched by continuation of occupations from previous stages.
Stage 4. Self-psychotherapy, self-efficacy, an integrated personality and a creative attitude to life.
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No. 1 (44) (2015)
Published: 2020-09-23
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