Filip Gotschalk, compositeur silésien inconnu jusqu'à présent, occupe une place importante dans l'histoire de l'ensemble vocal et instrumental dont les activités à Jasna Góra à Częstochowa datent depuis le XVIe siècle. Il faisait partie de cet ensemble de 1800 à 1809 exerçant les fonctions de chef d'orchestre, de premier violon et de copiste. Il arriva à Częstochowa de Rudno dans la région d'Opole. Sa fille Anna et ses fils Tomasz, Kasper et Jan-Nepomucen (son nom religieux était Ubald), eux aussi, faisaient partie de l'ensemble musical.
Les oeuvres religieuses de F. Gotschalk enrichissaient le répertoire d'alors de la chapelle. Les fragments conservés de la „Sonate in Clavicembalo Principale Violo con Violoncello” prouvent cependant qu’il écrivait aussi des oeuvres laïques (étrangers à la religion).
Dans les archives du monastère à Jasna Góra il y a 20 compositions de F. Gotschalk conservées en entier ou en fragments. Ce sont des „Airs” et des „Duos” avec des textes latins, „Hymnus de S. Augustino”, „Missa Brevis”, „Missa Pastoritia”, „Missa Defunctorum”, „Offertorium de Sanctis”, „Offertorium in F” et la „Sonate”. Nous devons ces informations aux études approfondies de Paweł Podejko qui avec le concours de Bohdan Michenberg et du Père Jan Golonka a catalogué le fonds musical à Jasna Góra.
Les ouvrages de F. Gotschalk qui ont conservé l’ensemble de voix instrumentales et vocales ont été mis par l’auteur en partitions lisibles. Elles sont au nombre de 5: „Hymnus de S. Augustino”, „Offertorium de Sanctis”, „Vespre in C”, „Missa Pastorita” et „Missa Defunctorum”. Une minutieuse analyse musicologique de ces partitions a permis de préciser les traits caractéristiques du style de composition et apprécier sa valeur technique. L'examen des éléments de la musique religieuse de F. Gotschalk démontre que ses ouvrages représentent des formes typiques du style préclassique. Dans ses adaptations du style classique le compositeur a aussi exploité avec maîtrise les éléments du folklore polonais en les stylisant en convention classique.
L’oeuvre de F. Gotschalk témoigne d’un grand essor de la vie musicale dans les monastères à la fin du XVIIIe et au début du XXe siècle. Elle influencait d’une manière remarquable la musicale de cette époque en Pologne.
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Vol. 14 (1981)
Published: 2021-03-10
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