The article examines criminal law regulations related to the protection of invertebrate animals. It explores criminal offenses concerning both the humanitarian and species protection of animals. Particular emphasis is placed on the provisions of the Act of January 15, 2015, on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes, which specifically safeguards a distinct category of invertebrates – living cephalopods. The article also identifies legal gaps and inconsistencies within current legislation. Furthermore, it analyzes the nature of crimes and offenses against animal protection, including those involving invertebrates under strict or partial protection, such as unlawful killing, capture, purchase, and smuggling.