„Zazielenianie” prawa cywilnego – ochrona dóbr osobistych a zielony konstytucjonalizm i prawa środowiskowe

Karolina Karpus

doi:10.31261/PPGOS.2024.01.05

Published: 2024-06-24

No. 1 (2024)

“Greening” the civil law – protection of personal interests in the light of the concepts of environmental constitutionalism and environmental rights

Karolina Karpus

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.31261/PPGOS.2024.01.05

Abstract

The concept of environmental constitutionalism, describing the state’s duty to protect the environment correlated with the rights of individuals, may be used to characterise the relations between environmental protection and the socio-political system of a modern democratic state in the era of the transformation towards sustainable development. The state’s legal system cannot be neutral in that regard. It is particularly important in case of the challenges resulting from Poland’s international and EU law obligations, especially under the Aarhus Convention and human rights law. On this basis, it can be claimed that environmental protection as a duty of the state is a “positive obligation”, in light of which the possibility to exercise rights by individuals may be assessed, including environmental ones (substantive and procedural). When the state fails to fulfil the duty to create the necessary legal framework and to secure its effective enforcement, it may result in the exposure of the members of the public to the degraded environment (e.g., to the ambient air of a bad quality, i.e. smog). Thus, they should be able to rely on international and EU law guarantees while seeking legal remedies, including civil lawsuits. In such a context, the 2021 Supreme Court resolution in case III CZP 27/20 illustrates the actual degree of “greening” the concept of private interests in Polish law. The article aims to present the environmental law’s perspective and evaluate the relevant argumentation visible in the SC’s reasoning and the glossators’ commentaries. The findings can be used to support the thesis that any constructive debate about “greening” Article 23–24 of the Civil Code requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Keywords:

environmental constitutionalism , public participation in environmental matters , Aarhus Convention , personal interest , right to a clean environment

Download files

PDF (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Karpus, K. (2024). “Greening” the civil law – protection of personal interests in the light of the concepts of environmental constitutionalism and environmental rights. Prawne Problemy Górnictwa I Ochrony Środowiska, (1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.31261/PPGOS.2024.01.05

Cited by / Share

References

Blanco E., Razzaque J., Ecosystem services and human well-being in a globalized world: Assessing the role of law, „Human Rights Quarterly” 2009, vol. 31, no. 3, s. 692–720.
Google Scholar

Bosselmann K., Property rights and sustainability: Can they be reconciled?, w: Property rights and sustainability: The evolution of property rights to meet ecological challenges, eds. D. Grinlinton, P. Taylor, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden–Boston 2011, s. 23–42, https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004182646.i-415.13.
Google Scholar

Boyle A., Human rights and the environment: Where next?, „European Journal of International Law” 2012, vol. 23, issue 3, s. 613–642, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chs054.
Google Scholar

Ciechanowicz-McLean J., Trzcińska D., Zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 r., dwadzieścia lat później, w: Aktualne problemy konstytucji. Księga jubileuszowa z okazji 40-lecia pracy naukowej Profesora Bogusława Banaszaka, red. H. Babiuch, P. Kapusta, J. Michalska, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Witelona, Legnica 2017, s. 79–90.
Google Scholar

Ciućkowska K., Smog a dobra osobiste. Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego – Izba Cywilna z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., III CZP 27/20, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Powszechnych” 2022, nr 11, C94, s. 30–40.
Google Scholar

Costanza R., Ecosystem services in theory and practice, w: Routledge handbook of ecosystem services, eds. M. Potschin et al., Routledge, New York 2016, s. 15–24.
Google Scholar

Ecosystems and human well-being: Policy responses, vol. 3, eds. K. Chopra et al., Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington–London 2005.
Google Scholar

Galicka I., Prawo dostępu do wody w systemie Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych i Unii Europejskiej, „Zeszyt Prawniczy UAM” 2022, nr 12, s. 59–69, https://doi.org/10.14746/zpuam.2022.12.5.
Google Scholar

Gellers J.C., Jeffords C., Toward environmental democracy? Procedural environmental rights and environmental justice, „Global Environmental Politics” 2018, vol. 18, issue 1, s. 99–121, https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00445.
Google Scholar

Greening international law, ed. Ph. Sands, Routledge, New York 2014.
Google Scholar

Grzeszak T., Dobro osobiste jako dobro zindywidualizowane, „Przegląd Sądowy” 2018, nr 4, s. 7–41.
Google Scholar

Grzybowski S., Glosa do wyroku SN – Izba Cywilna z dnia 10 lipca 1975 r., I CR 356/75, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Polskich” 1976, nr 12, s. 540–542.
Google Scholar

Howarth D., Environmental law and private law, w: The Oxford handbook of comparative environmental law, eds. E. Lees, J.E. Viñuales, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2019, s. 1091–1118.
Google Scholar

Kingston S., Greening EU competition law and policy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2011.
Google Scholar

Kotzé L.J., The conceptual contours of environmental constitutionalism, „Widener Law Review” 2015, vol. 21, s. 187–200.
Google Scholar

Kożuch M., Ochrona dóbr osobistych na płaszczyźnie międzynarodowej, w: Dobra osobiste i ich ochrona, red. M. Romańska, Wydawnictwo C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2020, s. 9–20.
Google Scholar

Krystman M., Prawo do oddychania czystym powietrzem jako dobro osobiste. Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego – Izba Cywilna z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., III CZP 27/20, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Powszechnych” 2022, nr 9, s. 38–46.
Google Scholar

Le Moli G., The Human Rights Committee, environmental protection and the right to life, „International and Comparative Law Quarterly” 2020, vol. 69, issue 3, s. 735–752, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589320000123.
Google Scholar

Lewis B., Environmental human rights and climate change, Springer, Singapore 2018, s. 15–39, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1960-0.
Google Scholar

May J.R., Daly E., Global environmental constitutionalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139135559.
Google Scholar

Micklitz H.-W., Squaring the circle? Reconciling consumer law and the circular economy, w: Consumer protection in a circular economy, eds. B. Keirsbilck, E. Terryn, Intersentia, Cambridge 2019, s. 323–345.
Google Scholar

Misonne D., The emergence of a right to clean air: Transforming European Union law through litigation and citizen science, „Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law” 2021, vol. 30, issue 1, s. 34–45, https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12336.
Google Scholar

Nowakowski T., Przekroczenie norm jakości powietrza a ochrona dóbr osobistych. Glosa do uchwały SN z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., III CZP 27/20, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Powszechnych” 2022, nr 5, C40, s. 3–17.
Google Scholar

Pallemaerts M., The human right to a healthy environment as a substantive right, w: M. Déjeant-Pons, M. Pallemaerts, Human rights and the environment: Compendium of instruments and other international texts on individual and collective rights relating to the environment in the international and European framework, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg 2002, s. 11–21.
Google Scholar

Parola G., Environmental democracy at the global level: Rights and duties for a new citizenship, Versita, London 2013, https://doi.org/10.2478/9788376560144.
Google Scholar

Pepper R., Hobbs H., The environment is all rights: Human rights, constitutional rights and environmental rights, „Melbourne University Law Review” 2020, vol. 44, no. 2, s. 634–678.
Google Scholar

Percival R.V., „Greening” the constitution – harmonizing environmental and constitutional values, „Environmental Law” 2002, vol. 32, no. 4, s. 809–871.
Google Scholar

Shelton D., Human rights and the environment: What specific environmental rights have been recognized?, „Denver Journal of International Law and Policy” 2006, vol. 35, no. 1, s. 129–171.
Google Scholar

Skorupka A., Prawo do życia w czystym środowisku. Glosa do uchwały SN z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., III CZP 27/20, „Przegląd Sądowy” 2022, nr 5, s. 112–120.
Google Scholar

Szczepaniak R., Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza władz publicznych za skutki zanieczyszczonego powietrza. Glosa do uchwały SN z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., III CZP 27/20, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Powszechnych” 2022, nr 6, C49, s. 3–23.
Google Scholar

Szyprowski B., Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 28 maja 2021 r., sygn. III CZP 27/20, „Prokuratura i Prawo” 2023, nr 7/8, s. 284–295.
Google Scholar

Trzewik J., Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z 28 maja 2021 r., sygn. akt III CZP 27/20, „Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego” 2022, nr 2, s. 389–397, https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.02.29.
Google Scholar

Zoll F., Południak-Gierz K., Bańczyk W., Towards an environment-friendly law of obligations, w: The future of European private law, eds. A. Janssen, M. Lehmann, R. Schulze, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2023, s. 195–224, http://doi.org/10.5771/9783748913078-195.
Google Scholar

No. 1 (2024)
Published: 2024-10-15

eISSN: 2451-3431

10.31261/PPGOS

Publisher

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego | University of Silesia Press

Submit