The article is an overview paper and the aim of the study is primarily to present current knowledge about the book value and market value of enterprises. The value of an enterprise and the criteria for increasing it are an important issue in many scientific disciplines. Therefore, it is justified to attempt to explain the contrasting meanings of book value and market value due to their undeniable influence on shaping the company’s management policy. In the context of value management, the considerations referred to both the economic and institutional, ownership dimensions of enterprises.

The article analyses maintenance of principle of electoral equality in elections to the Sejm and the Senate of the Polish Republic held in 2023. Although the Constitution and the Electoral Codex do not ensure the principle in elections to the Senate, the Codex limits the inequality by establishing limits of differences of the sizes of electoral districts. It turns out that the material equality was not upkept in the elections to the Sejm and in the senatorial elections the inequalities exceed the boundaries of the Codex. The equality of electoral opportunities is no better. In the article a few de lege ferenda comments on the Codex and the Constitution have been presented.

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in radio broadcasting is a hallmark of our times, where technology is becoming omnipresent. The aim of this article is to describe pioneering applications of artificial intelligence in five radio stations. An attempt has been made to define artificial intelligence and significant concepts related to it. The use of AI tools in radio broadcasting raises controversies in relation to the loss of jobs by journalists. Issues requiring regulation include image protection, the identification of content created with AI support, and copyright. At the same time, AI opens up possibilities for cost reduction, time savings, and increased productivity and efficiency.

The present article focuses on analyzing army position as well as its impact on the internal situations in two African countries – Libya and Egypt. In both countries, the armed forces play a special political role. This article examined the development of relations between military forces and authority in order to clarify present civil-military conditions. Development of the citizens’ attitude to army are involved in the description of both countries.