Land consolidation is a legal instrument for the adjustment of land ownership, present in various forms across many countries in Europe. Land ownership, by its very nature, constitutes a prerequisite for the performance of numerous human activities, including agricultural production, forestry, and, in certain cases, development in built-up municipal areas. However, due to its shape, fragmentation within the landscape, and the frequent presence of multiple co-ownership shares, such ownership often fails to effectively serve its intended purposes. This article therefore focuses on describing and comparing selected foreign legal frameworks for land consolidation and explores the potential for applying inspiring solutions within the legislative system of the Slovak Republic.

The main aim of this article is to present regulations on the rationing of undertaking geological and mining activities in the Czech Republic. First, the legal basis for undertaking mineral exploration and mining activities in the Czech Republic was discussed. It was also explained what it means to undertake geological and mining activities. Next, the article indicates and describes decisions needed before undertaking geological and mining activities in the Czech Republic. Finally, the conclusions of the analysis and de lege ferenda postulates are presented.

The subject of the considerations contained in the study is an attempt to assess the method of implementing into Polish law Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide. This directive establishes a legal framework for the safe geological storage of carbon dioxide, which is to contribute to combating climate change. The vastness and complexity of the matter regulated therein means that the analysis primarily concerns the establishment of financial security by an entity conducting business involving underground storage of carbon dioxide and the use of funds collected in this way. This analysis has shown that some solutions adopted in Polish national law must be assessed very critically.