The possible outcomes of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) prevention on speech and perception: A speech and language therapist’s view


Abstract

The aim of this article is to emphasise some issues arising from the measures undertaken in the prevention of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19), as commented from the perspective of a speech and language therapist. The consequences mentioned in the article may affect not only the speech and language therapist’s diagnosis and intervention, but also the everyday activities of educators and special educators, psychologists, or parents engaged in the verbal transmission of information or complex communication behaviour. The article focuses on the connection of the selected phenomena we identify in the context of the multimodal notion of perception, comprehension, and production of speech, which we adopt with regard to the paradigm shift of providing modern speech language therapy in various (educational, clinical, or counselling) environments. In order to do so, this paper employs the scientific results of phoniatrics, audiology, neurology, stomatology and orthodontics, psychology, and other disciplines connected to speech perception and production of verbal and nonverbal communication.


Keywords

speech-language therapy; ommunication; speech; COVID-19 prevention; speech perception; speech production; logopaedics; perception

Alsius, A., MacDonald, E., Munhall, K. (2014). Multimodal speech perception. W: K.N. Ochsner, S.M. Kosslyn (eds.), The Oxford handbook of cognitive neuroscience, vol. 1, Core topics (s. 524–553). Oxford University Press.

Alsved, M., et al. (2020). Exhaled respiratory particles during singing and talking. Aerosol Science and Technology, 54(11), 1245–1248. http://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1812502.

Altmann, G., Shillcock, R. (eds.) (1994). Cognitive models of speech processing. London: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203775745.

Asadi, S., et al. (2019). Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38808-z.

ASHA (2020). Audiology. https://www.asha.org/Students/Audiologists/ [dátum prístupu: 2.12.2020].

Atcherson, S.R., Finley, E.T., McDowell B.R., Watson, C. (2020). More speech degradations and considerations in the search for transparent face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Audiology Today, November, December. https://www.audiology.org/audiology-today-novemberdecember-2020/more-speech-degradations-and-considerations-search-transparent [dátum prístupu: 2.12.2020].

Atcherson, S.R., Nagaraj, N.K., Kennett, S.E., Levisee, M. (2015). Overview of central auditory processing deficits in older adults. Seminars in Hearing, 36(3), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555118.

Bottalico, P., Passione, I.I., Graetzer, S., Hunter, E.J. (2017). Evaluation of the starting point of the Lombard Effect. Acta Acustica United with Acustica: the Journal of the European Acoustics Association (EEIG), 103(1), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919043.

Brown, V.A., Strand, J.F. (2019). About face: Seeing the talker improves spoken word recognition but increases listening effort. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.89.

Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S.C., Di Napolli, R. (2020). Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ [dátum prístupu: 4.10.2020].

Červenková, B. (2019). Rozvoj komunikačních a jazykových schopností: u dětí od narození do tří let věku. Praha: Grada.

Chakraborty, I., Maity, P. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882.

Cruz, M., Swerts, M., Frota, S. (2017). The role of intonation and visual cues in the perception of sentence types: Evidence from European Portuguese varieties. Laboratory Phonology, 8(1), 23. http://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.110.

De Luca, C.D., et al. (2020). Covid-19 in children: A brief overview after three months experience. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 35, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.05.006.

Eby, T., Arteaga, A.A., Spankovich, Ch. (2020). Otologic and audiologic considerations for COVID-19. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 163(1), 110–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820928989.

El-Anwar, M.W., Elzayat, S., Fouad, Y.A. (2020). ENT manifestation in COVID-19 patients. Auris, Nasus, Larynx, 47(4), 559–564. http: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2020.06.003.

Emodi-Perlman, A., et al. (2020) Temporomandibular disorders and bruxism outbreak as a possible factor of orofacial pain worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic-concomitant research in two countries. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 3250. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103250.

Fecher, N., Watt, D. (2013). Effects of forensically-realistic facial concealment on auditory-visual consonant recognition in quiet and noise conditions. AVSP Archive. http://www.isca-speech.org/archive [dátum prístupu: 3.09.2020].

Flecha-García, M. (2010). Eyebrow raises in dialogue and their relation to discourse structure, utterance function and pitch accents in English. Speech Communication, 52, 542–554. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2009.12.003.

Gaub, F., Boswinkel, L., Legrand, J. (2020). The geopolitical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. [s.l.]: Policy Department for External Relations Directorate General for External Policies of the Union. http://doi.org/10.2861/526114.

Georgiou, G.P., Kilani, A. (2020). The use of aspirated consonants during speech may increase the transmission of COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 109937. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109937 .

Goldin, A., Weinstein, B.E., Shiman, N. (2020). How do medical masks degrade speech perception? Hearing Review, 27(5), 8–9. https://www.hearingreview.com/hearing-loss/health-wellness/how-do-medical-masks-degrade-speech-reception [dátum prístupu: 22.11.2020].

Hampshire, A., et al. (2020). Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19 relative to controls: An N = 84,285 online study. medRxiv. http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.20.20215863.

Heald, S., Nusbaum, H. (2014). Speech perception as an active cognitive process. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8(35) https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00035 [dátum prístupu: 2.12.2020].

Heine, C., Slone, M. (2019). Case studies of adults with central auditory processing disorder: Shifting the spotlight! SAGE Open Medical Case Reports, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X18823461.

Inouye, S. (2003). SARS transmission: language and droplet production. Lancet, 362(9378), 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13874-3.

Irwin, J., DiBlasi, L. (2017). Audiovisual speech perception: A new approach and implications for clinical populations. Language and Linguistics Compass, 11(3), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12237.

Jefferson, Y. (2010). Mouth breathing: Adverse effects on facial growth, health, academics, and behavior. General Dentistry, 58(1), 18–25; quiz 26–7, 79–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20129889/ [dátum prístupu: 12.09.2020].

Kaplan, A.B., et al. (2016). Amblyaudia: Review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of a new diagnosis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 154(2), 247–255. http://doi.org/10.1177/0194599815615871.

Kkese, E. (2020). McGurk effect and audiovisual speech perception in students with learning disabilities exposed to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110233.

Lewis, J.W., Silberman, M.J., Donai, J.J., Frum, Ch.A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J.A. (2018). Hearing and orally mimicking different acoustic-semantic categories of natural sound engage distinct left hemisphere cortical regions. Brain and Language, 183, 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2018.05.002.

Liu, S., et al. (2019) The language context effect in facial expressions processing and its mandatory characteristic. Scientific Reports, 9, 11045, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47075-x.

Majerová, R. (2016). Lingvistika ve speciální pedagogice. Dizertační práce. Univerzita Karlova: Filozofická fakulta, Ústav českého jazyka a teorie komunikace. Vedoucí práce Macurová, Alena.

Mendel, L.L., Gardino, J.A., Atcherson, S.R. (2008). Speech understanding using surgical masks: a problem in health care? Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 19(9), 686–695. http://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.9.4.

Moncrieff, D., Keith, W., Abramson, M., Swann, A. (2017). Evidence of binaural integration benefits following ARIA training for children and adolescents diagnosed with amblyaudia. International Journal of Audiology, 56(8), 580–588. http://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2017.1303199.

Moore, D.R., Hunter, L.L. (2013). Auditory processing disorder (APD) in children: A marker of neurodevelopmental syndrome. Hearing, Balance and Communication, 11(3), 160–167. http://doi.org/10.3109/21695717.2013.821756.

Munoz, K., Blaiser, K. (2011). Audiologists and speech-language pathologists: Making critical cross-disciplinary connections for quality care in early hearing detection and intervention. Perspectives on Audiology, 7. http://doi.org/10.1044/poa7.1.34.

Nobrega, M., Opice, R., Machado Lauletta, M., Ayello Nobrega, Ch. (2020). How face masks can affect school performance. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 138, 110328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110328.

OECD (2020). The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government. http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-territorial-impact-of-covid-19-managing-the-crisis-across-levels-of-government-d3e314e1/ [dátum prístupu: 1.12.2020].

Patrick, T. (2020). Can nasal breathing help reduce your risk of COVID-19? Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/nasal-breathing-help-reduce-risk-covid/ [dátum prístupu: 30.10. 2020].

Perniss, P. (2018). Why we should study multimodal language. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1109. https://doir.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01109.

Ribeiro, V.V., et al. (2020). Effect of wearing a face mask on vocal self-perception during a pandemic. Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation, S0892-1997(20)30356-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.09.006.

Rokaya, D., Koontongkaew, S. (2020). Can coronavirus disease-19 lead to temporomandibular joint disease? Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(T1), 142–143. https://www.id-press.eu/mjms/article/view/5003 [dátum prístupu: 2.12.2020].

Senicola, C.A., Smith, J.B. Wilson, K. (2020). COVID-19 has changed patient-clinician communication: What can rehabilitation professionals do to enhance it? HSS Journal , 16, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-020-09802-3.

Skarnitzl, R., Šturm, P., Volín, J. (2016). Zvuková báze řečové komunikace: Fonetický a fonologický popis řeči. Praha: Karolinum.

Vitásková, K. (2005). Fyziologie produkce a percepce orální komunikace s důrazem na orální praxii (s. 13–32). V: A. Peutelschmiedová, K. Vitásková (ed.), Logopedie. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého.

Vitásková, K., Krajči, A., Kytnarová, L. (2018). The analysis of the occurence of voice disorders in relation to observing the principles of voice hygiene and the age of university teachers. V: L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres (eds.), EDULEARN18 Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies: Palma (Spain): 2nd–4th of July, 2018 (s. 11125–11132). [s.l.]: IATED Academy.

Vitásková, K., Kytnarová, L. (2017). The evaluation of pragmatic level of language in children with autism spectrum disorder. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.

Vitásková K., Málková M., Hlavinková, M. (2016). Ověřování výzkumných možností diagnostiky orální stereognozie v oblasti symptomatických poruch řeči u dětí – význam pro interdisciplinární praxi. W: PhD existence. Česko-slovenská psychologická konference (nejen) pro doktorandy a o doktorandech. Sborník odborných příspěvků (s. 124–131). Olomouc, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.

Vitásková, K., Šebková, L., Keprdová, T. (2016). Problematika hlasových a řečových obtíží a jejich prevence u tlumočníků z pohledu logopeda – preliminární studie. Logopedia Silesiana, 4, 46–57.

Vivas, E.X. (2020). Coronavirus Disease-19 and otology/neurotology. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 53(6), 1153–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2020.08.003.

Wadnerkar, M.B, Whiteside, S.P., Cowell, P.E. (2008). Dichotic listening asymmetry: sex differences and menstrual cycle effects. Laterality, 13(4), 297–309. http://doi.org/10.1080/13576500701821106.

Watt, D. (2020). The science of how you sound when you talk through a face mask. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-science-of-how-you-sound-when-you-talk-through-aface-mask-139817 [dátum prístupu: 2.11.2020].

Whitton, J.P., Polley, D.B. (2011). Evaluating the perceptual and pathophysiological consequences of auditory deprivation in early postnatal life: a comparison of basic and clinical studies. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 12(5), 535–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-011-0271-6.


Published : 2020-12-29


VitáskováK. (2020). The possible outcomes of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) prevention on speech and perception: A speech and language therapist’s view. Logopedia Silesiana, (9), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.31261/LOGOPEDIASILESIANA.2020.09.21

Kateřina Vitásková 
Palacký University in Olomouc  Czechia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6607-0808




Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Copyright Owners of the submitted texts grant the Reader the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY SA). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.

1. License

The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

2. Author’s Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.

If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".

ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).

3. User Rights

Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.

4. Co-Authorship

If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.

I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.