Szczury towarzyszą ludzkim siedliskom od tysiącleci. Ta skomplikowana współegzystencja doprowadziła do wykształcenia w naszym kręgu kulturowym narracji wykluczających współcześnie te stworzenia z kręgu moralnej troski człowieka. Sytuacja egzystencjalna gatunków Rattus nosi znamiona paradoksu. Współcześnie wolno żyjące szczury należą do zwierząt powszechnie pogardzanych i poddawanych najintensywniejszej eksterminacji. Równocześnie, z racji swojej społecznej natury i analogicznej do Homo sapiens struktury neuronalnej, służą za modele badań nad własnościami psychicznymi człowieka. Kumulacja odkryć dotyczących zdolności poznawczych wielu gatunków pozaludzkich ożywiła dyskusje etyczną wokół dobrostanu, a nawet praw „wyższych” zwierząt. Jednakże szczury pozostają poza jej głównym nurtem. Tymczasem z badań nad gryzoniami wyłania się obraz sprzeczny z potocznymi wyobrażeniami o nich. W artykule zaprezentowany zostanie obraz społecznego statusu szczurów, wypływający z badań nad percepcją grup społecznych w wymiarach ciepła/kompetencji według Modelu Treści Stereotypu Susan Fiske. Następnie przedstawiona zostanie koncepcja podmiotu działającego w oparciu o motywację moralną (moral subiect) Marka Rowlandsa. Na tak utworzonym tle zostanie przeprowadzony przegląd najnowszych ustaleń nauk kognitywnych odnośnie własności tego gatunku. Artykuł ma na celu uwydatnienie sprzeczności stereotypowego postrzegania szczura z empirycznymi badaniami oraz wskazanie podstawowych etycznych konsekwencji zaistniałej sytuacji.
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Opublikowane: 2023-03-28