Language:
EN
| Published:
07-04-2025
|
Abstract
| pp. 10-30
This paper discusses the two-phase publication of the Proslogion and its significance for understanding the nature of Anselm’s endeavour in the treatise. The introduction highlights the importance of making sense of the peculiar combination of argument and devotion in the treatise. It also pays attention to an important recent article by R. Sharpe (2009), which effectively shatters the authoritativeness of the editorial matter in F. S. Schmitt’s edition of Anselm’s works. The second part offers a critical discussion of Schmitt’s and Sharpe’s views concerning the early versions of the Monologion and Proslogion. The third part investigates the evidence related to the publication history of the Proslogion, arguing that Anselm incorporated all the additional features, including the exchange with Gaunilo, at the same time. To elucidate why the publication history of the Proslogion is vital for the interpretation of the treatise, the last part of the paper offers an outline explaining Anselm’s objectives in the two-phase publication. It is proposed that the Proslogion should be read as Anselm’s subtle attempt to defend and justify the kind of rational method that he had been using in the Monologion.
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 31-42
Anselm states “God, as it is said, ‘causes peace and creates evil’ ” in Concordia. The expression ‘God creates evil’ contradicts itself and it cannot be said that the omniscient and omnipotent God creates evil. This paper considers why Anselm made such an expression, i.e. why Anselm believed that God created evil, what it means in his ethics, and what this point of view tells us about how to live in peace with each other. The expression ‘causes peace and creates evil’ is believed to have been taken from the book of Isaiah. Evil created by God is in order to try and purify just people and to punish unjust people. God creates evil to correct the evil of humans, which in turns brings about peace. Evil committed by humans (i.e. sin) is opposed to the ‘rule of charity (regula caritatis)’ which Anselm writes of. God creates evil so that our behaviour comes to accord with that rule. True love, i.e. charity, is required for peace, and justice is required to carry out deeds of charity. Recovering distorted love to the bond of charity is the path to peace. In Anselm’s way of thinking, peace is brought about by following the rule of charity, and peace is broken when we live without and outside this rule of charity.
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 43-51
The paper is an attempt to put into focus the problem discussed by Kathryn R. Rogers and Hugh McCann whether or not Anselm of Canterbury makes God responsible for sin and evil. The obvious Anselmian text to refer to is that of the Philosophical Fragments, in which Anselm presents his understanding of the four ways of willing something (quattuor modi volendi), something which neither Rogers nor McCann seem to take into account. The whole purpose of Anselm’s distinguishing between four types of willing is to enable one to interpret properly passages of Scripture where God’s will is referred to and, one may add, to help scholars such as Rogers and McCann find a simple way out of the labyrinth, in which, it would seem, they have lost themselves in.
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 52-61
This paper deals with observing the peripatetic motives and influences of Boethius on the education and thinking of the late 10th and 11th centuries. The connection between Anselm‘s proofs of G od‘s existence from Monologion and Proslogion and so called mensa geometricalis, i.e. the abacus, a counting board used for arithmetical calculations and geometrical demonstrations circa 1,000 A.D., is presented as the entirely natural way of peripatetic interpretation of the intellectual world of Anselm of Canterbury, initiated by Franciscus Salesius Schmitt, through a search for other traces of Aristotelian heritage in the 11th century and in the period around the year 1,000 (primarily under the influence of Boethius‘s texts).
Language:
DE
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 62-70
Soteriologia Anzelma z Canterbury ma za sobą silną historię oddziaływania. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na prawdopodobną główną przyczynę takiego stanu rzeczy. Jest nią próba ścisłego racjonalnego wyjaśnienia zbawczego działania Chrystusa. Wyjaśnienie to głęboko integruje w sobie najważniejsze elementy treściowe wiary Kościoła: radykalną i powszechną potrzebę zbawienia, jedność sprawiedliwości i miłosierdzia Boga, jedyność pośrednika zbawienia. Elementy te zachowują swą ważność także we współczesnym, pluralistycznym wyrazie wiary w odkupienie, stąd nauka Anzelma nadal może zachować swą inspirującą siłę.
Language:
DE
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 71-80
Myśl Anzelma jest inspirującym projektem, podejmowanym przez myślicieli późnego średniowiecza i wczesnej nowożytności, którzy byli wystarczająco inteligentni by nie popaść w pułapkę circulus vitiosus deus (F. Nietzsche) postrzegania Boga jako tożsamego z wytworem ludzkiego umysłu – umysłu błądzącego w daremnych próbach odzwierciedlania wszystkich rzeczy. Ewidentnie widać, że wydanie dzieł Anzelma przez Gerberona (1675) oraz współczesne wydanie Schmitta zainspirowały studium tychże dzieł. W tym artykule skoncentrowano się na badaniach z XX w. po spostrzeżeniach R. Guardiniego i K. Bartha dotyczących eklezjalnego wymiaru myśli Anzelma. Ostatecznie możemy dostrzec w Anzelmie myśliciela dokonującego przełomu – zaczynającego od wyrażenia pobożnych życzeń o dobru w samym sobie i prowadzącego do dostrzeżenia tego co otrzymujemy, przechodzącego od monologu do dialogu. W ten sposób możemy dostrzec w dziele Anzelma ścieżkę przeprowadzającą prosto przez błędy nowożytności.
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 81-90
Edyta Stein nie bywa kojarzona z myślą Anzelma z Canterbury. A jednak gdy czytamy „Endliches und Ewiges Sein”, pojmujemy, że rozumiała ona Anzelmową ratio z Proslogionu o wiele lepiej niż Tomasz z Akwinu i broniła jej przed krytycyzmem Akwinaty. Poza wspólnym wyczuciem metafizyki, Anzelm i Stein wspólnie składają świadectwo wobec quaerere Deum jako aspektu życia religijnego. Idea „intra in cubiculum mentis tuae” stanowi istotny lejtmotyw ich obojga: dążyli oni do samotności monastycznej celi z zamiarem szukania ich Mistrza bez utrudnień przychodzących ze świata zewnętrznego, by kontemplować stworzony przez Boga porządek rzeczywistości. W dzisiejszej cywilizacji Zachodu, która „nie ma Boga w sercu”, przykład św. Anzelma, „ojca scholastyki” i św. Teresy Benedykty od Krzyża, jednej z patronów Europy, może służyć zainspirowaniu tych, którzy szukają rozwiązania dla wielkiej duchowej pustki zachodniego społeczeństwa i starają się o zachowanie filozofii przed dezintegracją.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 91-110
This presentation is provided two main topics: first, a review of the history of the role of Doctors of the C hurch and how the discernment process contributed to the development of the Church’s understanding of this title, using the recent evaluation (1997, 2012) and the conferral of the doctorate; secondly, a careful and systematic evaluation of Newman’s fulfillment of the Congregation for the Doctrine ofthe Faith’s Norms and Criteria was offered based upon the commentaries of Pope John Paul II and his successor Benedict XVI regarding Newman’s eminent doctrine. The final part of the article shows the possibility of Newman’s inclusion in the exclusive college of the Doctores Ecclesiae.
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 111-126
This paper focuses on the relationship between faith and reason in the writings of Bl. John Henry Newman, one of the greatest personalities of nineteenth-century Britain. The topicality of Newmana is stressed today in the context of social, political, and theological considerations. He is called in invisible peritus of the Second Vatican Council. In his sermons and essays, sought to show that there is no contradiction between faith and reason because in our daily matters we more often than not act on faith. If such is the case, we must find a broader sense of rationality. In this broader sense, Newman finds certitude. This certitude is different than certainty of logical propositions, for it concerns concrete acts, therefore it is personal rather than merely logical. Certitude resembles personal maturity in which we assent to certain truths and follow what we have thus assented to. This following, this personal readiness Newman calls realization. To realize something in faith means to transcend natural difficulties and grasp the truth.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 127-143
Pojęcie „osoba” od samego początku stanowiło fundament zarówno chrześcijańskiej antropologii, jak i teologii. Współcześnie skłonni jesteśmy rozumieć je w sposób zaproponowany przez Karola Wojtyłę i innych przedstawicieli tzw. personalizmu chrześcijańskiego. Niniejszy tekst ma dwa cele: zaznajomić czytelnika z nieco inną formą teorii osoby (która miała spory wpływ na dwudziestowieczny personalizm), rozwijaną przez dziewiętnastowiecznego teologa i filozofa, niedawno beatyfikowanego Johna Henry’ego Newmana, a także opisać i wstępnie zweryfikować zaproponowaną przez Newmana „metodę personacji”. Te dwa elementy – koncepcja osoby oraz metoda personacji – składają się na niezwykle oryginalny i inspirujący, a jednocześnie spójny personalizm. O ile pierwszy z nich stanowi rozwinięcie klasycznej teorii osoby, o tyle drugi jest istotnym novum w filozofii i teologii. „Metodą personacji” określa się bowiem bardzo odważną tezę przewijającą się w całej twórczości kardynała Newmana: wartość teorii w znacznym stopniu zależy od wartości autorytetów ją wyznających i wspierających. Czy w historii i teologii potrafimy znaleźć dowody potwierdzające fundamentalną rolę wybitnych jednostek w rozpoznawaniu i rozpowszechnianiu prawdy?
Language:
EN
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 144-158
The aim of the present paper is to analyse the structural, pragmatic, cognitive and stylistic aspects of the linguistic genre of sermon in Bl. John Henry Cardinal Newman C.O.’s Parochial and Plain Sermons. When it comes to the structural aspects, Newman’s sermons lack any compositional schema, described by rhetoric theories. In the Anglican Church of the Victorian era, sermons constituted a kind of “oral literature”, read from the pulpit during the service. From the pragmatic perspective, Newman’s example of life played a special role in his preaching as a means for communicating the Word of God. Newman’s sermons were delivered in a kind of supernatural atmosphere and created a mutual magnetism between the preacher and the listeners. In the cognitive dimension, Parochial and Plain Sermons constitute almost a compendium of Christian dogma, with emphasis on the practical application of theological truths in the Christian life. There are also numerous references to Newman’s personal life. From the stylistic perspective, Newman’s sermons strike with simplicity, connected with the so-called “real style”: Newman uses conventional language, avoids sophisticated rhetorical figures, and provides concrete examples from the Bible, everyday life, and the lives of saints and Church Fathers.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 159-164
John Henry Newman cared for the formation of lay Catholics. His desire was educated laity. So he created the idea of the university. He wanted the Church had informed their faith and healthy pious laity. Newman courted their „culture of the mind”. He built the place of the faithful in the E nglish Church. He appealed for counting the „teaching Church” (clergy) of the „Church of the hearers” (laity) in doctrinal matters. Lay in fact opposed to the Arian heresy.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 165-176
The main aim of the article is to put forward the interpretation of Newman’s philosophy according to F.M. Willam. In order to study the paper, the following steps were taken: firstly, Willam’s method of research was shown in which he concentrated on the difference between deductive and reductive reasoning. Secondly, the terms epagoge and probability was analyzed in a Newman’s thought. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of Willam’s interpretation were considered.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 177-189
The word mystery occurs numerous times in the contents of the encyclical of Pope Francis and refers to various realities. It is closely correlated with the community of the Church, which is the proper place to make experiencing God’s mystery more accessible, which takes place in the most distinct manner in the sacraments. God’s mysteriousness must be distinguished from the notion of mystery. The mysteriousness is not eliminated by Revelation, as this is of a practical nature and is fulfilled in the covenant of God and human. Each human word is imperfect when compared with God’s mystery, therefore also theological statements are only a hermeneutic element of the polemics of the history which brings God closer, yet it cannot and will never be able to encompass it in its expressions.
Language:
PL
| Published:
30-06-2014
|
Abstract
| pp. 190-204
The dignity of protonotary apostolic was the highest distinction that could receive a priest who did not have episcopal ordination. Over the centuries, various privileges and titulary associated with that dignity underwent significant changes. The Second Vatican Council re-emphasized the differences between the ordination second and third grade. Therefore, it was necessary to revise the existing regulations regarding, inter alia, the privilege of use the episcopal insignia by the priests. The article is an analysis of the contemporary norms regarding the dignity of the protonotary apostolic and related privileges. This article attempts to take consideration of the current possibilities of use by protonotaries apostolic the episcopal vestments.