The continuous development of civil aviation, and consequently aviation infrastructure, poses challenges to legislators to minimize the negative impact of aviation activities on the environment. The article points out that there are a number of regulations that ensure the protection of the environment from aviation activities. In addition, the dynamics of the development of air operations on the territory of the Republic of Poland until 2040 was showed, and thus it was emphasized that the activities of international and European organizations as well as the national legislator should focus on the continuous increase of restrictions relating to the protection of the environment and aviation activities.

Recognizing the relevance of carbon dioxide removal to achieving global climate goals and the European Union’s objectives, the European Commission, on 30th November 2022, announced proposal for a regulation on an EU certification for carbon removals (CDR). The EU’s effort to create a CDR certification scheme is an important initiative in this regard but faces key challenges that should be resolved during the ongoing legislative processes. The purpose of this paper is to assess the content of the proposed regulation from the perspective of its effectiveness as a climate tool.

The article traces the historical development of environmental regulation in Czechoslovakia, and subsequently Slovakia, highlighting the transition from fragmented legal frameworks to comprehensive
legislation, notably Act no. 17/1992 Coll. on Environment. It explores theoretical debates on whether environmental law constitutes an independent legal branch, examining criteria, such as subject matter, objectives, distinct principles, regulatory methods, and international dimensions. While advocating for environmental law’s recognition as a distinct branch, the article acknowledges ongoing debates and emphasizes the need for continued inquiry to reach consensus. Overall, it provides insights into environmental law’s evolution, challenges, and potential role within legal theory and practice.

The subject of the considerations contained in the study is an attempt to determine whether when creating the content of Art. 4 of the Act of April 27, 2001, Environmental Protection Law, was used as a model for solutions regarding the use of water contained in the Water Law Act. This view is expressed quite often in the reference literature. The analysis carried out in this paper proves that such a view is not sufficiently justified, as evidenced primarily by significant differences in the regulation method used in Art. 4 and in the Water Law Act.

The study presents in a cross-sectional way the issue of water management control, reaching back to the genesis of current solutions, as well as analyzing the valid legal status and directions of changes resulting from the adopted Odra River Revitalization Act, in particular the creation of the Water Inspection and entrusting it with a specific category of tasks. At the same time, emerging doubts and shortcomings are discussed in depth, pointing out key elements that, in the author’s opinion, should be taken into account and that have so far been omitted on the legislative path.

In many cases, economic activity interferes with the environment. Sometimes it is an activity involving the exploitation of its natural resources. This means, among other things, the obligation to pay various fees. However, the regulations that introduce them may be vague to entrepreneurs to varying degrees. In turn, failure to fulfill statutory obligations may lead to negative consequences, including administrative, legal and financial ones. It is therefore paramount to understand individual regulations so that all obligations imposed on business entities can be fulfilled. Undoubtedly, systematization and dissemination of knowledge about individual interpretations made by relevant authorities and state organizational units will protect entrepreneurs against the negative consequences of failure to comply with the standards introducing orders to pay public dues.