In this article the author made an attempt to define recentivism from the perspective of the quantum comprehension of time. In other words, he tackles the issues connected with a time quantum treated as a point „now” (Lat. recens). The author illustrates the problem through the holographic rule, according to which a quantum state of a certain area of space-time can be encoded on the edge of this area. It turns out that the holographic rule, understood in this way, can be included in a whole, in which locans of an event can be encoded in a central part of a quantum state of a certain space-time area, whereas a phenomenon - that is, the part of the event known to the experiencing subject - can be encoded on the edge of this area. It means that any event that happens now, creates a phenomenon, which, as a quantum state of space-time, can be encoded on the edge of the event, in the way that the first part of the phenomenon is located in the anterior time (recens quo ante) and the second one in the posterior time (recens ad quern). On such a basis, the author defines recentivism as the idea, according to which the world is born anew with every experience (a recentiori), although it once existed in a certain form.

The author explains to the reader the philosophical thought of the creator of recentivism - Professor Józef Bańka. He presents Bańka's original philosophical method a recentiori and the structure of the philosophy of the present, from its ontology and epistemology to its eutyphronic, the ethics of rightmindedness, the ethics of recentivism, the philosophy of history and eurorecentivism. This article can provide for the reader an incentive to explore recentivism and to formulate their own creative interpretations. The author quotes many works of Bańka, in which the Professor presented his opinions. He shows the emerging intellectual possibilities created by recentivism but also some philosophical problems encountered by the recentivism scholars. The question about the place occupied by modern philosophy is being asked more and more frequently. The answer is still to be found, the more so because recentivistic philosophy is invariably in statu nascendi.

The author of the article employs the recentivistic idea of „here-now-being” for the explanation of the phenomena of life. According to John Allman life appeared in strictly, not to say rigorously, defined physical, chemical and time conditions. Janusz Czerny tries to prove that the idea of presenting reality in „here-now-being” corresponds with the main theses of modern science. The theory of chords and the phenomenon of life are equivalent to the context of „here-now-being”, which was introduced by Józef Bańka in his philosophy. In his article Janusz Czerny makes an attempt to introduce the philosophical ideas of recentivism to the language of modern science.

The author of the article presents a few authoritative opinions about modern civilization (R. Zubin, M. Rees, J. Joya, J. Bańka). All of the mentioned thinkers hold the view that recent development of civilization glorifies the „cold” values (a phrase coined by Józef Bańka). The author of the article follows this view and claims that the existence of civilization depends on the choice of values. She asserts that in contemporary times the „protected human values”, as called by Bańka, are threatened with disappearance.

In this article the author presented a few issues tackled during the modern debate on globalization. The discussed problems concern the character of processes of globalization which divide the world into a centre and peripheries as well as exclude whole territories from economic, social and cultural coexistence. The changes taking place on the axiological plane - the fall of the idea of the common good, egoism, consumerism, pragmatism - reveal the basic inconsistencies of capitalism and gradually erode the foundations of modern European civilization.

The author of the article tries to reveal ideological analogies between the modern conception of the category of life and the principles of the theory of events in Józef Bańka’s theory of recentivism. Ultimately, the author of this article wishes to prove that if we accept the non-casual conceptions of events, which do not require the cause and effect relationship, the idea of life can be explained theoretically. The substantiation of this theory is the goal pursued by the author of this article.

The author made an attempt to analyze the intuitive aspect of the philosophical works, which belong to the wider experience of „philosophical self-establishing” of the subject. The issues tackled by the author include the importance of the fundamental intuition in philosophy as a source of philosopher’s inspiration; intuitive (axiological) essence of the collective consciousness with its meaning in didactics; perceiving the sense of the intuition of existence as the intuition of „being” in the context of „transcending” the „being” by the subject. According to the author, the issue of intuition provides a great opportunity for the reflection on natural premises of philosophy, which are necessary for thinking about the most important aspects of people’s spiritual life. Initially intuitive and pre-logical horizon of meanings is perceived here as a framework for the diverse disciplines of philosophical cognition, which always explain one of the basic experiences of the human life.

The author of the article presents how the view on the results achieved by the theoreticians of mind in the last thirty years, leads to the conclusion that one of the major approaches to the issues of the functioning of mind, is connecting philosophical reflections with the data from computer science, logical and mathematical research and the research on artificial intelligence. The author claims that information processing systems should be understandable thanks to the algorithms analyses and the analysis of the internal representation of concepts, that is the relations between symbols and what they symbolize. The author presents major theses of such a research program and one of Roger Penrose’s analysis of this approach. At the end of the article the author attempts to methodologically assess Penrose’s observations.

The author presents fundamental principles of empiricism established in modern philosophy by Locke and Hume as well as Quine’s criticism of these principles. Quine considered two beliefs as dogmas of empiricism: firstly, there is a clear boundary between synthetic and analytical judgments and secondly, language has atomistic nature i.e. every logical judgment has to be a logical combination of certain observational judgments, in other words it has to be a verifiable observation. Quine proposed new version of empiricism, taking for its basis the so-called holism, which calls into question the possibility of verification or negation of an individual sentence. Quine claimed that only a whole theory or a part of it can be verified.

In the article the author presents philosophical disputes and discussions which took place in the second half of the 19th century and concerned the critical understanding of philosophy. It was characteristic of the so-called critical stage of Polish positivism that the problem of scientific and critical nature of philosophy was tackled by both supporters and opponents of positivism. Their opinion on critical philosophy included neither full approval nor strong disapproval. The author also tries to prove that the philosophy of Immanuel Kant complied with the same rules.

In this article the author stresses the need for examining the relations between the rational philosophy of the West and the mystical and poetical philosophy of the East. He interprets Nietzschean philosophy from the perspective of Zen Buddhism. The ethics and views of the superman („Übermensch”) are the expression of the ethics and views of an enlightened person (a person who reached satori).

Leibniz is a well-known philosopher and a scientist famous for the creation of the differential calculus. But we should remember that, in the first place, he was a court clerk. While working for his protectors, Leibniz witnessed and commented on socio-political events happening not only in the Empire but also on those taking place all over the world. He was a well-known commentator for Europeans from the turn of the 17th and 18th century. The aim of this article is synthesizing Leibniz’s socio-political views in which pro-emperor and internationalist ideas are blended with the comments on the German nature. Therefore, Leibniz’s political identity is still open to question.

The process of European integration is characterized by various challenges of modernity. Many of them compel us to reflect on the issue of uniting or even on the value of human being. The author found inspiration for these considerations in two conceptions. First of them claims that the process of creating unity (on every individual and social level) includes an experience of ambivalence. The second one pivots on the idea that the process of creating unity on every social level (communities) is determinedby the parallel process on the individual level that is on the level of individual lives (personal, internal) of people comprising a given community. The author of this article based her considerations on the inspiring spiritual heritage of V. Solovjov and Teilhard de Chardin, in the first place on their reflection on the principle of unity and love, which concerns the issue of human unity creation.

The author of the article presents the problem of methodology of religious studies in the theory of a Romanian specialist in the study of religion - Mircea Eliade. Eliade expects the history of religion to evoke in us an anthropological reflection. This reflection should enable us to understand the modern human and to synthesize values of various cultures and civilizations into a new value - „new humanism.” Contrary to all the historians for whom religion is deprived of any non-historical sense or meaning, Eliade claims that in order to understand religious phenomena we have to overcome all kinds of reductionism. Having accepted the necessity of going beyond the historical aspect of religious phenomena towards analyzing their sense and meaning Eliade decides that the history of religion should find a way to reconcile two complementary methodological stands: the historical stand and the phenomenological stand.

The author of this article tries to present the epistemological foundations of the philosophy of St. Augustine. The whole conception of history created by the bishop of Hippo is based on the divine revelations and on the belief in the trustworthy interpretation of the Bible given by the Church. St. Augustine claimed that but for the authority of the Church he would not believe even in the Gospel. Referring to St. Augustine’s Biblical inspiration, the author of this article tries to indicate these theses which are based on the assumption of the historic process.