his article is an attempt to provide a systematic review of the Polish literature on dysphagia in adults. The International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability (ICF) highlights the impact of various types of disorders, including motor, communication, and primary function disorders, on the daily functioning of patients. Nowadays dysphagia is known as swallowing disorder is common in adults, especially after neurological incidents, but it can also have structural and muscular causes. Dysphagia certainly affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on dysphagia and the possibilities of therapeutic measures that would allow speech therapists and neuro-speech therapists in Poland to contribute to current international diagnostic and therapeutic trends. A review of the scope of research was conducted to describe and summarize the state of research on dysphagia in adults. The research showed that in Poland the knowledge base is incomplete and fragmentary and most reports concern the sphere of medical treatment rather than therapy.

The paper focuses on Dynamic Assessment (DA), one of the diagnostic approaches used in the differential diagnosis of bilingual children who may present with communication disorders. The author provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of DA, situating them within their historical and methodological context. The paper also presents the main subtypes of Dynamic Assessment, including the test–teach–retest model and gradual prompting and testing limits, along with examples of their practical application. Furthermore, the author relates the concept of DA to research on bilingualism and attempts to link the core assumptions of Dynamic Assessment with the speech-language diagnostic model proposed by Cieszyńska, as well as with conclusions drawn from the author’s own clinical practice.

Feeding disorders are a common problem in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). They include, among others, food selectivity, oral sensory processing difficulties, challenges with chewing and swallowing, and behavioral rigidity related to meal consumption. Although these issues are widely discussed in medical and dietary literature, their significance for the communicative functioning of children with ASD remains insufficiently recognized from a speech-language pathology perspective. Feeding and communication processes, however, exhibit numerous interconnections arising from shared anatomical, motor, and sensory-regulatory foundations. This paper has a theoretical and review character and is based on the analysis of selected empirical studies and clinical reports.

This article focuses on the diagnosis of spontaneous speech, and in particular its productivity in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease. The main objective of the study was to determine the level of narrative discourse in a person with Alzheimer’s disease and to compare the results with a person of the same age but without the disorder. A diagnostic tool called Analysis of Spontaneous Speech (Analýza spontánnej reči, AspoR) was used as part of the qualitative research. The results indicate significant impairments in narrative discourse productivity, and thus spontaneous speech, in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease compared to the control group. The study highlights the important role of spontaneous speech diagnosis in adult patients and its significance in speech therapy practice.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, genetically determined disorder, most often resulting from a deletion of chromosome 15, usually occurring as a result of a de novo mutation, regardless of gender. Symptoms of the syndrome include muscle hypotonia in early life, hyperphagia (excessive appetite), which can lead to obesity, hormonal disorders, psychomotor and speech development delays, and cognitive and behavioral disorders. From a speech therapist’s point of view, a child diagnosed with this syndrome requires multifaceted support from as early as possible in life, due to characteristic structural and functional disorders. From a speech therapist’s point of view, a child diagnosed with this syndrome requires multifaceted support from as early as possible in life, due to characteristic disorders in the structure and functioning of the orofacial sphere, abnormalities in primary functions, including feeding disorders, as well as complex problems in psychomotor development.

This study assessed discomfort symptoms in the vocal tract of 49 post-COVID-19 patients (41 females, 8 males; aged 19-82) referred to a speech therapy clinic for voice dysfunction. The aim was to identify dominant symptoms during vocal emission. Conducted in 2020-2021 at the Speech Therapy Clinic in Kielce, participants had no prior phoniatric issues. Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTD) evaluated symptom intensity across normative to severe voice changes. COVID-19 voice disorders are transient. Common symptoms included throat/laryngeal pain, tension, dryness, irritation, and obstruction sensation. Three symptom groups emerged: rare (e.g., „lump in throat”), moderate (e.g., „tenderness”), and frequent (Group III: „dryness,” „scratchy throat,” „irritation”). Untreated phonatory/respiratory dysfunctions may worsen. Post-COVID residuals cause functional and paralytic voice issues (hoarseness, fatigue, dryness, voice loss, lump sensation, pain, cough). Speech therapy effectively improves phonation.

Communication forms the foundation of social relationships and largely determines how a person functions within a group. This article focuses on mutism, understood as a specific form of communication disorder. It presents basic information about this phenomenon. The theoretical section is complemented by an analysis of a case study of a five-year-old boy with suspected selective mutism. The conclusions drawn from the case description serve as a basis for considering possible determinants and factors that may contribute to the development of mutism.

The first part of the text presents definitions, divisions, etiology and pathomechanisms of delayed speech development. Parenting styles and research on the impact of high technologies on speech development were also presented. In the next stage of the article, the authors discussed the results of research on: forms of spending free time with children; forms of spending parents’ free time; how a child spends time when parents are busy; use of TV at home during the day, ways of parents coping with their child’s sadness; watching cartoons while eating meals; patterns of everyday life using high technologies; parents’ approach to reading to their child; parents’ awareness of the impact of high technologies on the child’s speech development.