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ROZWAŻAJĄC NA NOWO FUNKCJE PRASY: JAK PROCESY INDYGENIZACJI REKONFIGURUJĄ HISTORIĘ LITERATURY ROSYJSKIEJ I DZIENNIKARSTWA

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Przedmiotem artykułu jest omówienie możliwości transferu koncepcji i idei z powstałych w ciągu ostatnich dziesięcioleci teorii indygenicznych, dotyczących komunikacji ogólnej, do historii literatury i dziennikarstwa. W oparciu o prace Geerta Hofstedego autorka omawia kody tożsamości kulturowej i proponuje możliwe warianty zmiany akcentów w badaniach literatury i dziennikarstwa. Pozwoli to określić węzłowe punkty systemów komunikacyjnych w ich kulturowo-narodowej specyfice.

RETHINKING OF PRESS FUNCTIONS: HOW COULD INDIGENIZATION RECONFIGURE THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM

Summary

This article is devoted to the possibilities of transfer of concepts and ideas of the last decades indigenization theories from the general field of communication to the history of literature and journalism. The author examines the cultural identity codes, referring to Geert Hofstede’s research, and offers options for transposition of emphasis in literature and journalism research in order to describe the main communication system nodes in their cultural and national identities.

CODES OF PUSHKIN’S LITERARY COMMUNICATION (PERIODICAL PRESS — CONVERSATION OF A POET WITH A BOOKSELLER /A CENSOR
— PSEUDONY MS)
S u m m a r y
This article is about how Pushkin overcomes the censorship, about the freedom of speech and the original artistic method of the first poet of Russia. Pushkin has to deal with the censorship, with the limitations of freedom — personal and public, more
than once. He writes literature all his life, but is also interested in the problems of publication — in the periodicals and his books. In this sense, the controversies in his poetry, his essays and his personal correspondence are very interesting. Pushkin’s
“codified” messages, his pseudonyms and hidden hints are very interesting because of the appearances of ludism in his communication with those in power. 

Egor Sartakov
OSIP SENKOVSKY AND VISSARION BEL INS KY AS “CHARACTERS ” OF STEPAN BURACHOK’S NOVELS
S u m m a r y
The article analyzes two novels of forgotten in our days conservative journalist and writer Stepan Burachok — A tale without a title (forbidden by censorship in 1838, discovered in manuscript department of Institute of Russian Literature of Russian Academy of Sciences) and Heroes of our time (published in 1845 in “Mayak” magazine).
In both works with a pronounced publicistic character prototypes of the main characters appear to be famous journalists of that time, with whom Burachok had a hidden polemic — Osip Senkovsky and Vissarion Belinsky. The study of Burachok’s works in this context allowed, on the one hand, to expand our understanding of tactics of literary and journalistic struggle of 1830–1840, and on the other — to specify the role of individual journalists in this fight.

FROM POET TO CITIZEN AND VICE VERSA: THE LITERARY TEXT AS THE FIELD FOR NIKOLAY NEKRASOV’S AESTHETIC REFLECTION
Summary
The article examines one of the key oppositions for Nikolay Nekrasov’s art: “poet vs.citizen”. Contrary to popular opinion, this opposition appears not in the Nekrasov’spoem of the same name in 1856, but much earlier, in during the publication process of his first verse book Dreams and Sounds. It appears in a critical essay on the young poet’s debut collection, which was written by journalist Vasily Mezhevich.
This opposition becomes a topic of long-term thinking for Nekrasov. This reflection develops in some literary texts, where Nekrasov repeatedly simulates the situation related to the failure of his first book. The cycle of reflection completed in 1856 with a poem Poet and Citizen, in which the opposition was removed.

WRITER AND PU BLIS HER : KONSTANTIN LE ONTE V ABOUT MI KHAIL KAT KOV
(TO THE PR OBLEM OF MUTUAL RELATI ONS )
S u m m a r y
The author in her article marked that for description of mutual relations of writer
and publisher there is not equivalent information, i.e. there are numerous judgements,
autobiographic compositions, special article of Leontev relatively Кatkov,
but there is nothing of the kind outside of Кatkov. A writer, lining up the version of
mutual relations with a publisher in 70th, does an accent especially on a negative. As
a result Katkov appears a man authoritarian, mercenary, proud, apathetic, lacking in
initiative in the judgements. At the same time the facts marked a writer on the way
talk and about other: not only about the real material help of Кatkov, but also about
his participating in spiritual development of junior contemporary. Attention in the
article is concentrated on two plans of confessional texts of Leontev: on a correlation
of the subjective descriptions given by a writer to the publisher and objective facts of
positive participation of publisher in the fate of writer.

RUSSIAN AND POLIS H HUMOR MAGAZINES
ON THE WILL OF LEO TOLSTOY
Summary
The article discusses publications concerning Leo Tolstoy’s will, which appeared
soon after his death in Polish (“Mucha”, “Kolce”, “Nowy Szczutek”) and Russian
(“Satirikon”, “Budilnik”) humor magazines. These publications focused on two topics
— open letters by Lev Lvovich Tolstoy (the son of the writer accused Vladimir
Chertkov of the death of his father and concealing the last version of the will from
Tolstoy’s family) and plans for selling Yasnaya Polyana, which were described in the
daily press. An analysis of publications shows that Polish humor magazines, like the
Russian ones, judged the heir to Tolstoy’s property critically, but the criticism of
Polish press was not as harsh. However, unlike Russian magazines, Polish periodicals
clearly compared the writer with his mercantile sons and — which is interesting
— with his wife. At the same time Polish opinion of the will as such was ambiguous.
русские

“THROUGH NEWSPAPERS ”:
THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD WAR I IN RUSSIAN POETRY
S u m m a r y
This paper concentrates on the Russian poetry in newspapers in summer 1914 about the beginning of the First World War. The analysis revealed the main poetics and subject characteristics of these poems, such as proper nouns abundance, active usage of the historicisms and archaisms, the combination of enthusiastic attitude to war and its perception as irrelevant events etc. Thereby we can evaluate the immediate perception of the beginning of the war by contemporaries and get an overview of poetical and informational context in Russia in July–August 1914.

NEWSPAPER INFORMATION OR FICTIONAL TEXT?
FEUILLETON AS A LITERARY GENRE
S u m m a r y
In focus of our article are approaches to poetics of feuilleton, what is a kind of literary genre
merging two sides of a boundary of literature and journalism. Such texts represent a mundane
reality like newspapers, but also they represent fictional vision of an author, like ordinary
literature. Studying some pre-Soviet feuilletons — St. Petersburg Dreams in Verse and Prose
and fragments of A Writer’s Diary by Fyodor Dostoevsky, we dissect how fictional and aesthetic
intention emerges beneath initial journalistic task. We trace how author’s interest fluctuate
from an explanation of facts by options of logic to mimetic imaging of how persons can
live and act in the world. Feuilletons base upon a deep and total personalization, so that ‘real
world’ facts appear as relations between different persons.

ON EDITOR ’S AND AUT HOR ’S MYSTIFIC ATIONS :
PU BLIC ATION OF NOVEL WE IN MAGAZINE “VOLI A ROSSII ”
S u m m a r y
Evgeny Zamiatin’s novel WE has a notable publishing history. In 1927 exile magazine
“Volia Rossii” (Freedom of Russia) for the first time published in Russian “extracts”
from the novel, which were pretended to be retranslation back into Russian
from Czech newspaper version. For the effect of retranslation forced corruptions
were carried in original Russian text. Literary editor Marc Slonim later stated that he
was forced to use this subterfuge for author’s safety. According to Zamiatin’s version
magazine made this publication without his permission and against his prohibition.
In actual fact evidences of both sides are a mystification. Comparison of publication
in magazine with typescript and lifetime published translations of the novel shows
that it appears to be a magazine’s montage-version created by editorial board based
on author’s manuscript with minimal use of translations, and amount of “editor’s
corruptions” there is inappreciable.

THE SOV IET JOURN AL DISCUSS IONS AT THE END OF THE 1960s
AND AT THE BEG INN ING OF THE 1970s AS A SY MPTO M OF THEIR TIME
S u m m a r y
The author of the present study tries to analyse the structure and character of the two
discussions (on Russian Slavophiles and revolutionary democtrats) which proceeded
on the pages of the journal “Voprosy literatury” (Problems of Literature) at the end
of the 1960s and at the beginning of the 1970s. In the study the author demonstrates
the shifts towards the twofold shape of Russian thought, towards philosophical idealism
and the contact with the current development of the Soviet so-called “village
literature”. Though this tendency seemed to be rather hidden, concealed, it could not
take place without the consent of political authorities which manifested the ideological
searching even in these ruling circles of that time.

RUSS IAN WEE KLY NE WSPAPER “ZA VTRA ”
AS A PROPAGAND IST OF IMPER IAL IDEOLOGY
S u m m a r y
The article is dedicated to various types of the imperial ideology in “Zawtra”
magazine. Conducted analyses lead to conclusion, that the imperial ideology
dominates in entire magazine’s writing content, not only in pieces about political
affairs, but also about culture or even biographical reviews. The article is also an
attempt of analyzing the magazine transformations starting form “perestroika”
period till nowadays; from expressing an idea of “ the spirit opposition” to “the
imperial ideology” of Russian state.

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