Group sexual harassment in the Arab World, so called ta arruš, has reached an extraordinary extent in recent years. The problem remains unsolved despite various state actions and social initiatives. The text argues that the failure of the initiatives and information campaigns results from the fact that those actions and initiatives locate the causes outside the cultural and religious system, while it is the social structure itself, maintained by the universal nomos of religion and culture, that generates sexual frustrations which are in turn being vented in a manner combin‑ ing elements of teasing and aggression. This is the second part of the text—the first contained a presentation of the problem, this part offers its analysis and explanation.

Flood is not an episode in the history of the Netherlands, but a recurring fact of nature and social experience. The Dutch struggle against water (this metaphor seems to dominate the descriptions of the Netherlands) is not only troublesome and strenuous, but its significance also happens to be assessed in a positive way. In the literature indicated by the author, fascination with the capriciousness of the element of water and Dutch water engineering (satisfying a tourist‘s appetite?) takes prece‑ dence over the catastrophic and empathic discourse of lamentation. The article is an interpretation of the Dutch model of struggling against the element of water through the prism of anthropological categories of culture and nature. The exemplifications come from travel literature, tourist guides and scientific monographs, the reading of which shows that the mutual relationship (symbiosis) of the water element and cul‑ ture, the mentality of the Dutch who struggle with nature is the reoccurring concept
scheme. What is the main feature of the aquatic element is the ambivalent influence of water on Dutch culture. It is Dutch fairy tales that may prefigure this ambivalence.

The asymmetrical balance of the forces between socio-economic develop‑ ment and the condition of the environment brings about a real ecological threat both on a local and global scale. The necessity for designing activities compatible with the concept of sustainable development constitutes a real challenge in various areas of consumption, including tourism. The article is an attempt to determine whether in post-industrial tourism, which is embedded in the space of revitalised cities, the two opposite directions are taken into account, i.e. the constantly growing consumer needs and being gradually depleted natural resources of the environment. The article was based on qualitative research conducted using standardized interviews. The re‑ spondents were people professionally linked to institutions operating in the objects constituting the Industrial Monuments Route.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, animal husbandry in the pastoral community in the vicinity of Werchowyna was one of the main axes of the organization of the year of farm work. Nowadays, the role of animals in this region is still important, and animal farming is one of the main factors of the local economy. Basing on the source materials collected by Polish and Ukrainian researchers, the article presents the most important practices for the old Hutsul community, which were often of magical character and aimed at protecting animals, and socio-economic
motives that were the inspiration in the old sheep farming during summer grazing. All these have constituted the historical background for compiling information that enable determining the contemporary image of sheep in the community of Hutsul
shepherds

The study aims to describe a history and original forms of pre-muslim Persian New Year—Novruz, as well as its changes affected by migration experience of the original holders. We are interested in its role in creating community identity in the case of the Afghan diaspora in Slovakia. The findings suggest that in the new environment, there is a number of changes in the formal side—the absence of certain habits, their simplification and rationalization, the incorporation of major culture elements. In a term of significance, this holiday takes a new relevance and reflects the degree of the community integrity.

This article aims at browsing through items of gastronomic rarities in UNESCO World List of Intangible Cultural Heritage, which might be the reason and the motif to visit particular places in the world. At the same time, it reflects a new trend in topic-related trips, which is obviously culinary tourism. Gastronomic rarities items placed in UNESCO World List of Intangible Cultural Heritage are the examples of world’s culinary cultural heritage. According to the international community, food regarded as gastronomic rarities in UNESCO World List of Intangible Cultural Heritage has a historical value nowadays. It is due to preserving customs and ceremonies which coincide with national culture of nutrition and food consumption.

The issue in question is the culinary heritage of Silesia, represented in the List of traditional products of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (created in 2004). Basing on the example of wodzionka and other soups made of water and bread, the authors bring emphasis to some important issues associated with the description of selected traditional foods and kitchen products that lead to understatements and overinterpretations. The article proposes also a new definition of traditional dish, which takes into account two elements of a recipe (fixed and variable).

The large cruise ships and their passengers, present on the coasts of the Isle of Pines more than a hundred days per year, have become an important component of the tourist landscape of this Melanesian island. Today, the reception of cruise ships’ tourists is a very important activity for the tourism industry, as well as for the members of the local community. However, they have a desire to strike a balance between their traditions and the development of tourist activities. What is the state of the development of this activity on the island? What are the consequences of the
development of cruise ship tourism on the Isle of Pines and what are the challenges related to the development of this activity?

The author became interested in the body of the texts analyzed in this article during her research on variants and versions of the Flying Africans myth in 20th century culture and literature. In the US the main folkloric source of this narrative is an account of oral folklore collected in Georgia from African-Americans, published in 1940 as a part of Federal’s Writer’s Project. The book, entitled Drums and Shadows. Survival Studies Among the Georgia Coastal Negroes directed by Mary Granger, contains interviews with people many of whom had been born in slavery. African Americans interviewed in the project speak widely about talismans, spirits, lucky and unlucky omens and actions, as well as other aspects of their culture and folklore, including a significant amount of flight-related narratives. The dialect in the interviews is transcribed phonetically and difficult for a non-English native speaker, nevertheless the concept of ‘conjuring’ grabs the attention of the reader. This short study is an introduction to a broader analysis of the conceptual domain of ‘conjuring’ in the GWP interviews. The author uses the conceptual metaphor theory in order to establish how magic and witchcraft are conceptualized by the Georgia Writer’s Project speakers.

In this article I present illness and health as a cultural phenomenon, and not an objectively defined medical category. I analyze the concepts of healing, curing and medical treatment in relation to the systems of meanings created in the cultural contexts of the West and Tibet and in the anthropological sciences.

The article was based on the ethnographic field research on funeral rites in the Opoczno Region conducted by the author, and the literature of the subject. The elaboration presents visions of heaven, purgatory and hell described in funeral songs. Songs do not only depict the state of a soul in heaven (joy and eternal happiness with God), but they also present soul’s vision in purgatory (a period of purification and preparation for entering heaven accompanied by suffering), and in hell (a place of despair, sadness and condemnation for eternity, freely chosen by a soul not wanting to convert and ask God for mercy). Singing funerary songs at funeral ceremonies were meant not only to accompany the deceased “on the final path of life” and escort him or her to “the other world”, but they also became an opportunity for the participants to reflect on their own death and possibly correct their own actions to avoid eternal damnation.

Consumption of food, which apart from biological functions performs also socio-cultural ones, is a source of interesting data about human life, including its symbolic and religious dimension. Some food products still have the status of religious symbols (in Christianity they are, for example, bread and wine). At present, they are also an element of some charity initiatives (e.g. the so-called pilgrim bread, forestry products)—the income obtained from their purchase is used in aid activities. In recent years, a new phenomenon has emerged, which is the result of a trend related to the commercialization of modern reality: in order to ensure a profit from sales, food products with names referring to the religious sphere (e.g. the so-called “god’s fudge”) are introduced into the market. The aim of the author of this article is to discuss the position and importance of food products in the contemporary religious culture in the aspect of the process of transformation

Ornamental tattoo is a decorative element of the body of many cultures, often associated with a specific profession, for example a sailor, soldier, or with belonging to a given tribe, social group or subculture. The traditional tattoo of the Croats from the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a manifestation, praise for certain ideals. It was part of the culture of the local Christian community. It was worn on the body as an indelible sign of religious affiliation and protection against Islamization. To this day, in many villages of Bosnia and Herzegovina it is possible to come across elderly women with traditional tattoos

The paper deals with the issue of cultural landscape research with emp‑
hasis on the changes caused by the colonization by Slovak and other ethnic groups.
Some parts are focused on defining the methodology of cultural landscape research
(multi-temporal analysis of cultural-landscape layers) and its subsequent application
in the studied area—the example of Vojlovica village, which is now part of the town
of Pančevo in Serbia. The paper also deals with the issue of cultural geography and
the retrospective influence of Slovak ethnicity on the landscape. Traditional material
and spiritual culture is a reflection of human action in the country and the result of
the relationship triangle: landscape—culture—history.