Résultats de recherche

Revue: Neophilologica

O modelo cognitivo de análise textual e a tradução

Daniel Słapek

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 234-248

The aim of this article is to describe a cognitive model for text analysis proposed by E. Tabakowska, as well as its implications for translation theory and practice. The model uses the aspects of conventional imagery in cognitive grammar (perspective, prominence, ground, iconicity, etc.) to evaluate the fit between a translation with the original text. The author tries to illustrate the importance of scene construal in translation practice by analyzing a Portuguese translation of one of the W. Szymborska’s works Terrorysta, on patrzy. This presentation of a cognitive approach to translation theory is complete with a brief sketch of the main assumptions of K. Hejwowsky’s cognitive communicative theory of translation. A secondary aim is to promote the Polish school of translation studies.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le traitement de l'article dans la traduction automatique du polonais vers le français

Krzysztof Bogacki

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2005 | Résumé | p. 43-56

Krzysztof Bogacki discussed the problems connected with the translation of articles by automatic translation programs. He analyzed three possible situations: a translation from an article-based language into another article-based language, a translation from an article-based language into a language with no articles as well as a translation from a language with no articles into an article-based language. The author, who based his analysis on the available on the Internet programs like Systran, PROMT or Kompas, discovered that although the translations from an article-based language into another language were satisfactory, the translations from a language with no articles into an article-based language were characterized by lexical inaccuracy and misuse of articles. The author also surveyed publications devoted to the use of articles (written by: Gniadek, Wilczyńska, Karolak and Nowakowska, Blanco and Buvet) but did not find there any solutions for the improvement of automatic translation programs, which are unable to analyze pragmatic and semantic factors in order to use a correct article. Finally, the author attempted to introduce certain modifications to Systran so as to improve its translating effectiveness.

2005-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction automatique des mots sémantiquement proches dans l’approche orientée objets

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 241-252

The paper refers to the specifics of the French-Polish automated translation. The author summarizes briefly the rules of creating electronic lexical databases in the context of the Object Oriented Approach. This particular approach, created for the purpose of translation, especially for automated translation, by Wiesław Banyś, offers a specific approach towards the language description with the help of object classes seen through their semantic relations. The purpose of this description is to determine correctly the meaning of the words and polysemic expressions of the source language in the translation into the target language. Therefore, the main question of the paper concerns the role of frames and/or scripts criterion in the process of the natural language words’ disambiguation for automated translation. By analysing the example of the French word collier the Author shows how it is possible to solve the problem of near synonyms in automated translation with the use of the above-mentioned criterion.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Figement en didactique de traduction

Monika Sułkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 196-207

Praseological phenomenon is the key issue of a natural language. However, the phraseological process as well as its products emerging as fixed phraseological expressions raise problems not only in the process of glottodidactics but also in the process of translation. The main emphasis is put on the selected problems emerging during the process of translation of phraseological units. Furthermore, the issue of interlingual phraseological transfer is discussed. The author of this paper depicts a range of selected methods used in the process of translation of phraseological units. What is more, the examples of techniques and strategies which are helpful in the didactics of translation are discussed. Finally, it should be underlined that the in-depth research may be particularly useful in the didactics of translation for future translators.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le particolarità culturali e linguistiche nella traduzione Analisi del contesto italo-polacco

Claudio Salmeri

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 219-229

Over the last few decades the interest in translation has significantly increased due to global changes. Nowadays translation implies interchange between cultures. Translation has a sociocultural context and is a communicative activity that includes the transfer of information across linguistic boundaries. Together with the introduction of the term ‘cultural mediation’, the theory of ‘cultural translation’ has also appeared, generally used to refer to transactions that do not openly involve linguistic exchange. The objective of this paper is to discuss the difficult role and responsibility the Italian-Polish translator has in terms of cultural mediation and translation.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Lo específico de las imágenes del mundo en la lengua española evidenciado a través de los problemas de traducción

María Paula Malinowski Rubio

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 113-122

It is well known that some of the most important problems of translation concern differences in socio-cultural matters proper to the communities whose languages are to be translated, as well as socio-cultural aspects which are different in each of the communities or which do not exist in one of them. These socio-cultural aspects, evident at different levels of language, are reflected in the many ways in which speakers of distinct languages perceive reality. For this reason analysis of the aspects of translation - which is required when translating a text and which is linked to socio-cultural matters - could give us an insight into the way the world is perceived by speakers of the language of the text to be translated. This paper presents a number of problems in Polish-Spanish and Spanish-Polish translation and clearly presents a number of traits - relating to the perception of the world - which are specific to Spanish speakers, but different to those of speakers of Polish.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Autour de la traduction des titres de tableaux

Barbara Walkiewicz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 415-434

This paper aims to show the consequences of a lack of standardization in translation of titles of art works. The author examines Polish title translations of two Vincent van Gogh’s paintings in order to verify how title translation strategies have been applied. The paper concludes that there are no coherent translation strategies and that Polish versions result in indirect translation.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traducción de los componentes culturales en los textos turísticos polacos

Joanna Kudełko

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2012 | Résumé | p. 133-140

In the field of translation studies, which are nowadays considered as a process of communication between cultures and languages, the aspect of cultural diversity and the role of translator as an intermediary between cultures has been emphasized stronger and stronger for the last few years. Nowadays is that what is foreign and unknown in the culture of source language that is being emphasized. At the same time the original terminology in the form of transliteration or transcription is being preserved in more and more cases and, according to the principle of translational adequacy regarding original content, the graphical shape or sound of the translation unit considered as an untranslatable is being reproduced. Despite many centuries of translators’ practical activity, little has been done on the ground of Polish-Spanish research. There are still few theoretical works in the field of methodology of translation of social-civilization-cultural realities. This article considers translation of cultural components of proprial sphere of language, that is sphere of proper names, which include not only nomenclature, anthroponyms, toponyms, titles, but also culture components in a wider point of view, i.e. names of institutions and realities of social life, that have their reflection in language and are considered as untranslatable or difficult to translate.

2012-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La traduction des éléments culturels dans les versions doublée et sous-titrée en polonais du film américain Madagascar: question de stratégies

Paulina Borowczyk

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 49-67

The question of translating cultural aspects is one of the most often raised issues. The aim of this paper is to discuss two main types of translation strategies: target-oriented translation and source-oriented translation. We want to show how they have been defined by different researchers through time. Using contrastive analysis of the original English version of computer-animated comedy film Madagascar (2005; directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath) with dubbed and subtitled Polish versions, the author of this paper examines which strategy is used in case of cultural transfers.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Autour de la notion d’aspect: problèmes choisis de la traduction du passé imperfectif polonais en français

Magdalena Karolak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2010 | Résumé | p. 53-65

The aim of this article is to present a set of rules applicable in translation of Polish imperfective past tense to French language. We emphasize certain phenomena peculiar to Slavic languages, which are in general difficult to translate. The article is composed of two parts. The first one offers specific rules of translation based on the theory of aspect of Stanisław Karolak, which can be directly applied in text translation. The second area of study is devoted to the analysis of chosen connotations of imperfective forms in Polish language and offers sample solutions to the problems of translation.

2010-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’Approche Orientée Objets ou l’EuroWordNet s’adapte mieux à la traduction automatique? Partie I: origines, principes, organisation des données

Sonia Szramek-Karcz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 30-43

Lexical databases such as AOO or EWN are built in order to enable machine translation of written word. The author’s intention is to test the applicability of the above listed databases in machine translation and to choose the one that proves to be more successful. The presentation of final results consists of two parts. Part I is the analysis of factors influencing the process of machine translation with the use of AOO and EWN that is to say: steps in database design, their theoretical aspects and the categorization of lexical items. In author’s belief, the above mentioned elements exert profound influence on the result of machine translation produced with the use of one of the herein described lexical databases. The second part of the presentation touches on the matters of hierarchy, semantic inheritance and word-sense disambiguation.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

(Im)possibilité du dialogue? Le rôle du surtitrage dans le théâtre inclusif

Małgorzata Czubińska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 125-138

The internationalization of theatrical art and unlimited access to modern technologies results in the development of innovative forms of stage translation as surtitling (fr. surtitrage), which is currently one of the most frequently used methods of real-time translation of performances. In this paper, based on the theoretical works and on the example of a specific theatre performance, the author discusses the way that the surtitles were used in the context of inclusive arts. The play directed by Polish artist Adam Ziajski entitled Nie mów nikomu, stage-translated from sign language into Polish using surtitles, will become a starting point for the reflection on the role of translators in the contemporary world, especially in the context of excluded groups such as deaf people and hard-of-hearing persons.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’Approche Orientée Objets ou l’EuroWordNet ? Quelle approche pour la traduction automatique? Partie II: hiérarchie, héritage et désambiguïsation

Sonia Szramek-Karcz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 280-297

The presentation of research results concerning applicability of AOO and EWN in machine translation is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author presents the influence of databases design, their theoretical aspects and the categorization of lexical items on the process and result of machine translation. The second part is devoted to the internal hierarchy of databases including the established categorization of lexical items as well as semantic inheritance comprising multiple inheritance and disambiguation accomplished by the above mentioned databases. The presented results coupled with the capability of contemporary computer technology give grounds for claiming that a bilingual approach in lexical description for machine translation is the best choice.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Audiodescripción en la traducción audiovisual. El análisis comparativo de las investigaciones polaco-españolas en esta materia

Agnieszka Palion-Musioł

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 184-195

Audio description is a new form of audiovisual translation which enables blind and visually impaired individuals to have access to audiovisual products. The author presents the emergence and history of this translation trend with special focus on audio description and the process of creating audio description scripts. Various types of audio description are analysed. Spanish and Polish research in this area is also discussed.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

(Auto)traducir(se) en el espacio fronterizo: estrategias discursivas de autoras chicanas

Iwona Kasperska

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2017 | Résumé | p. 91-103

The objective of this analysis is to find out the main discursive strategies used by two acclaimed Chicana authors: Gloria Anzaldúa and Sandra Cisneros. Due to the fact that all of the texts mentioned above are written in English with Spanish entries, some discursive strategies turn out to be translation procedures. These are literal translation of idiomatic and vocative expressions, paraphrases, inter- and intralingual explications, and even leaving some Spanish items without any translation. Such procedures used in the original multilingual texts assume a subversive strategy that aims at coercing the Anglo-American hegemonic language and culture into coexisting with the Mexican minority ones in the same text.

2017-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La traduction intersémiotique ou comment traduit-on des images?

Teresa Tomaszkiewicz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 70-81

In her article Teresa Tomaszkiewicz compares the mechanism appearing during the interlinguistic and intersemiotic translation. Contrary to appearances, it seems that the transfer of meaning of an expression produced in one natural language into a text in another language has a lot in common with the transfer of meaning through non-linguistic means e.g. various types of images. The author compares the functioning of images with such linguistic forms as concepts, predicates, expressions and descriptions. She analyzes various types of relations that are created between linguistic elements and images in order to convey the meaning of these images. These relations are: equivalence, parallelism, complementarity, interpretation and contrariness.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction automatique des langues — espérances et enjeux des outils appliqués

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 56-66

This paper deals with a short study of automatic translation and natural language processing in contemporary linguistics. The author presents the main reasons of their conception as well as their beginnings and expectations in the historical perspective. Also the difficulties in the domain of automatic translation like polysemy, ambiguity or choice of the formalisms appropriate to the description and the proposals of their resolution are focused on in the paper. In this context, the article examines the problem of word sense disambiguation according to the object oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś. The author seeks to demonstrate the differences in the choice of the linguistic means in French and Polish on the analyzed levels and the influence of occurrence in this description. The aim of this paper is also to indicate some possibilities to communicate our human linguistic abilities to the computer to ensure the correct machine translation.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La traduzione dell’anamnesi dall’italiano al polacco: studio comparativo di documenti medici

Katarzyna Maniowska

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 251-265

According to the principles of medical art, anamnesis is an examination that enables to formulate hypothesis regarding patient’s illness, its origin and eventually prognosis. The difficulties related to translation of such documents are due to the fact that it is a very inhomogeneous type of text made of quotations of patient’s words, their reinterpretations and more detailed objective information added by the doctor. In the very moment of translation into another language, the translator of such documents should be able to distinguish at the lexical, morphological and syntactical level these two different ways of narration. Consequently, the translator of this kind of texts is obliged to distinguish terminological choices in order to translate the text appropriately. Serious linguistic and medical consequences may arise during translation of medical anamnesis if subjective and objective perceptions are mixed in one text. The aim of the present paper based on comparative studies of Italian medical documents translated into Polish is to find possible syntactical and morphological solutions that have arisen in the translation process.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Perception et métonymie — problèmes de traduction automatique

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 76-88

The paper focuses on the automatic translation of metonymic expressions. Due to the fact that metonymic expressions are very frequent in varous texts, the Author reflects on possible problems they may pose for automatic translation. At the same time, the Author underlines the fact that the metonymic expressions that may be especially complex for the machine to translate are those which have come into being on the basis of cultural, historical, or religious factors — that is those factors
that are typical of a given community, as they reflect the way the community perceives various phenomena and extralinguistic situations. On the basis of the group of chosen examples, the Author proposes the solution to the problem of correct translation of metonymic expressions with the use of the object-oriented approach by Wiesław Banyś.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Tradurre l’immagine del mondo. L’approccio cognitivo alla traduzione sull’esempio del Cosmo (Kosmos) di Witold Gombrowicz

Aleksandra Paliczuk

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 208-218

This paper is an attempt of a cognitive analysis performed on a piece of Polish literature translated into Italian, entitled Kosmos (Cosmos) by Witold Gombrowicz. The translation was made by Francesco M. Catalucci e Donatella Tozzetti. It presents the difficulties and traps that translators encounter in their work and emphasizes the complexity of translation process as a phenomena that is not only linguistic, but also operating on mental level of individuals as well as of linguistic communities. The analysis demonstrates some examples of Gombrowicz’s particular language and compares them with the translated expressions. It explains how important is for a succeeded translation not only the translator’s linguistic competence but, in particular, his wide knowledge about the nation that speaks the language of the text to be translated.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Quelques remarques pour vous mettre au parfum à propos du parfum

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2017 | Résumé | p. 40-54

The present paper focuses on the problem of automatic translation based on the object-oriented approach proposed by Wiesław Banyś. The author carries out the analysis of the French noun parfum, whose proper translation into Polish may seem too complex from the point of view of automatic translation, as it has many Polish equivalents depending on the context of its use. The paper is an attempt to show how, thanks to the object oriented approach, the problem of choosing an appropriate target language equivalent is solved.

2017-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Quelques remarques théoriques et pratiques sur la traduction du français vers le polonais dans l’approche orientée objets

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 264-279

The article is devoted to the problem of translation from French into Polish from the perspective of the object oriented approach proposed by Wiesław Banyś. The author takes into consideration some of the problems, both of theoretical and practical nature, which appear while working on the formation of contrastive lexical database for automatic translation of texts. While analyzing specific chosen examples which may cause different kinds of problems in the description, the author offers their interpretations in the target language in accordance with the adopted approach.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Cadres, scripts, registres — complexité de traduction des mots polysémiques

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 23-12-2020 | Résumé | p. 348-368

The article deals with issues related to the description of polysemic units for supervised automatic translation of texts from French to Polish based on the object-oriented method by W. Banyś (AOO). Applying to the description additional tools allowing for the disambiguation — frames, scripts and register analysis — the author focuses on presenting the complexity of the description of lexical units. It should be stressed that the decision to assign meanings of such words one or another equivalents in the target language is determined by the criterion of preference. Some of the meanings of the word are easy to describe in such a way that the program can make a correct translation into the target language with a high degree of probability. However, there are often such meanings whose description is much more complex. The closer the meanings of the disambiguated words in the original and target language and the more similar the communication situation in which they are used, the more difficult it is to clearly indicate the boundaries between the meanings. In such cases, there is a much greater range of preferential character of the translation, which we have to adopt The French noun conjunction (f), chosen for analysis, reflects this phenomenon very well.

2020-12-23



Revue: Neophilologica

Classement de métonymies et traduction automatique

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 23-12-2020 | Résumé | p. 192-209

The paper is a continuation of the author’s previous work regarding the legitimacy of metonymy classification for the needs of automatic translation. The author attempts to solve the problem presented in the paper entitled Classification of metonymy and its usefulness in automatic translation and proposes her classification of metonymic expressions, which could be a helpful tool in computer translation.

2020-12-23



Revue: Neophilologica

Remarques sur la traduction automatique et le contexte

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 253-267

The article discusses the role of a widely understood context, including frames and scripts, and utterances in text automatic translation. On the basis of several polysemic nouns of the French language analysed as an example, the author shows that in many cases of a lexicographic description following the object-oriented class presented by W. Banyś operators and attributes accompanying the above-mentioned nouns not always point to their proper equivalent in the target language. Therefore, it is the frame of an utterance that often happens to be the only criterion conditioning a correct interpretation and translation.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Question de métonymie dans la traduction automatique

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 136-149

The article is devoted to the problem of metonymy in automatic translation. The author focuses on possible difficulties that can arise in the process of automatic translation of metonymic structures. The analysis of the problem is largely based on the examples taken from corpus material, which has been collected by the author, referring to the parts of the body and analysed according to the object oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś, as well as on the examples taken from the doctoral dissertation by T. Massoussi, which is devoted to a very thorough classification of various metonymic uses. The author shows how the adopted method of analysing language items can serve as a tool in solving problems that may appear in the process of translating the structures in question.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’aspetto particolare della traduzione di testi antichi. L’arcaizzazione

Claudio Salmeri

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 310-321

The article deals with an area which has largely escaped the attention of researchers so far, i.e. the strategy of archaisation and modernisation in the translation of older texts. The English and Italian translations of Witold Gombrowicz’s Trans-Atlantyk convoluted style serve as an example of how to employ one of these two completely different strategies. The vocabulary, phrasing and structure of the language Gombrowicz used to write his novel have converged in a literary from known as gawęda, an old form of storytelling. The English version employs a type of faux seventeenth century English. The Italian version, on the other hand, uses a modern language and style. The purpose of this paper is also to analyse two Polish translations of Carlo Goldoni’s La Locandiera. The first translation is archaised, the second one — modernised. The discussion will try to illustrate which strategy seems to be a better solution.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Classement de métonymies et son utilité dans la traduction automatique

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 106-124

The paper focuses on the problem of the classification of metonymy. Presenting various classifications of metonymy, the author wonders how they are useful for the purpose of automatic translation. The discussion undertaken in the paper concerns the classification proposed by Taouffic Massoussi, who in his doctoral dissertation has presented a very extensive and detailed classification of metonymy carried out from the point of view of automatic translation. On the basis of the analysis of selected examples, the author proposes a different classification of metonymic expressions employing the object-oriented approach proposed by Wiesław Banyś.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

The Russian Words for Anxiety Revisited

Alexei Shmelev

Langue: EN | Date de publication: 04-12-2025 | Résumé | p. 1-22

This paper deals with the Russian words for worry and anxiety. The analysis focuses on the word families of bespokoitʹ and trevoga. It is based on data from the Russian-English and English-Russian subcorpora of the Russian National Corpus. These data support the hypothesis that the words in the bespokoitʹ family involve a greater degree of intellectual assessment of the situation, whereas the words in the trevoga family point to a more intense and less uniform emotional experience. At the same time, the study helped verify certain details of earlier descriptions that had been obtained without parallel corpora.

The choice of a translation equivalent in each particular case depends not only on semantics but also on the overall translation strategy and the individual preferences of the translator. Nevertheless, certain general patterns can be observed. For example, with the word bespokoitʹsja, as with the English word worry, it is important that the subject is thinking over the situation and considering that it may take a turn for the worse. In the case of trevoga, as with anxiety, a key element is that the subject lacks important knowledge about the situation and therefore does not know what can be done to prevent negative developments. The words vstrevožitʹ and vstrevožitʹsja, like the English word alarmed, are characterized by a sudden realization that something bad might happen and that some action must be taken in response.

2025-12-04



Revue: Neophilologica

Esbozo de estudio sobre la desambiguación del verbo español subir

Ilona Cieślar-Śliż

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 68-89

The present paper discusses the natural polysemy of lexemes, perceived as important problem of automatic translation. We aim at presenting the results of the disambiguation process of the Spanish verb of movement subir, which is characterized by its ambiguity. The framework of this paper constitutes the lexicographical description proposed by Wiesław Banyś — the object-oriented approach (2002a, 2002b). The analysis is based on the information taken from Spanish dictionaries (Clave — diccionario del español actual, Diccionario de la Lengua Española — Real Academia Española, Gran Diccionario de uso del Español Actual, Diccionario de uso del Español — María Moliner) and it is completed by the corpus found by search engines. Every meaning of the verb (which is equivalent to its translation into Polish) is illustrated with some examples and accompanied by syntactic-semantic schemes. After analysing the contexts in which the verb has appeared and specifying the object classes for each use of the verb we give its Polish equivalents and present the results of the research in form of tables.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Quelques remarques sur la phraséologie appliquée

Monika Sułkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 445-455

This paper explores the subject of new fields of applied phraseology: phraseodidactics and phraseotranslation. The author presents their goals and tenets, indicates some problems, and pinpoints possible perspectives. Phraseodidactics, also known as didactics of phraseology, is a new emerging research discipline within the scope of applied linguistics. It is an interdisciplinary field with elements of phraseology, glottodidactics, as well as contrastive linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and sociolinguistics. Phraseodidactics, in accordance with its objectives, examines the processes associated with the natural assimilation of collocations, idioms, proverbs and other reproducible word forms in the mother language, and, foremost, processes related to the teaching and learning of these structures in the second and subsequent languages. In other words, the didactics of phraseology aspires to deal with everything that is associated with the most effective teaching and learning of broadly understood phraseology. On the other hand, phraseotranslation, as a specialized interdisciplinary science postulated in this text, is situated at the crossroads of phraseology, translation studies, contrastive studies and phraseodidactics. An effective translation implies equivalent messages in two different linguistic codes, which becomes extremely difficult in case of phraseology. The multiple-word structures entrenched in natural languages are therefore a major challenge in the process of translation and can be a prominent difficulty even for professional translators.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La sémantique des adjectifs et les questions d’équivalence linguistique entre le français et le polonais

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 174-185

The purpose of this article is to approach the problem of the disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjectives analyzed for the purpose of the present study, the author demonstrates that these items can have several equivalents in Polish.Such multiple possible interpretations pose a major problem for the description of polysemous items in lexicographical publications, as well as for automatic translation technology. The correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights into the possibilities of using these words in both the languages. To exactly pinpoint all the available senses of the analysed words and to find their equivalents, the author makes use of the object oriented approach. This kind of description allows us to select the best equivalent of a word in a target language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between the two languages.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Représenter le sens d’un adjectif polysémique dans une perspective bilingue — la quête de l’équivalence

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 243-256

This study seeks to approach the problem of disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjective austère analyzed as a case of study, the author demonstrates that adjectives can have a few equivalents in the Polish language. Such multiple interpretations caused by polysemy can be a problem for the description of adjectives in lexicographical publications, as well as for translation. Correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights on the possibilities of using this terms in both languages. Differences between senses are often highly subtle and contextually determined, so the author makes use of the theory of classes of objects. This kind of complex description allows to select the correct equivalent in another language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between two languages.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Cette table part demain — la faute du traducteur ou l’intention de l’auteur ? — à propos de la métonymie dans la traduction automatique

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 33-44

The paper constitutes the analysis of the question of metonymy in automated translation. An average language user is not familiar with the notion, which does not preclude them from using metonymic structures on a daily basis. By being natural mental shortcuts they guarantee faster communication and, hence, contribute to economy in language. Similarly, an automated translator “does not know” that an expression which it is to translate is called metonymy. But this particular knowledge would not be useful in the process since the computer’s task is to translate the given expression correctly in the target language, not to define or classify it. Therefore, the following paper does not touch upon the question of definition, categorization or criteria of distinguishing metonymy among other structures. Instead, by analyzing examples translated into French the author presents the solution for translating metonymic structures in automated translation, which is based on the Object Oriented Approach formulated by Wiesław Banyś.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Expressions figées dans une perspective multilingue : problèmes d’équivalence et de traduction

Monika Sułkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 194-209

The aim of the article is to present the issue of an interlinguistic equivalence of phraseological units and the problem of their translation. In the first part of the text, the author of the article attempts to define and characterise the notion of phraseologism on the basis of the current research in this field. What follows is the notion of equivalence and its short historical description. In the main, third part of the text, the author of the work in question describes the results of her study conducted on the basis of the corpus of phraseological units in French, Italian and Polish. In final, the text is devoted to practical methods a translator may use when transla ting phraseological
units.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

À propos de la détermination dans la traduction automatique

Mirosław Trybisz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2017 | Résumé | p. 313-325

Although the resolution of lexico-semantic problems appears to be more important in machine translation (MT), the processing of actualisation is necessary to generate coherent and correct texts. In the text, we analyse the MT from the point of view of the use of the determinants with a privileged place given to the article. In order to do so, we compare the MT of dedication to the Petit Prince of A. de Saint-Exupéry, and its Czech and Polish human translations, first of all between two languages with articles (French and Spanish or English) and then between a language with articles (French) and another one without articles (Polish and Czech). A MT between two languages with articles often gives a satisfactory result. A TA from French (a language with articles) into Czech and Polish (languages without articles) is already much more erroneous. And it is in the TA of Czech and Polish into French where we find a considerable number of errors concerning not only articles, but also demonstrative and possessive determinants.

2017-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Vers un modèle d’interprétation et de désambiguïsation sémantique des adjectifs dans des groupes nominaux (appliqué à la traduction automatique franco-polonais)

Izabella Thomas

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 127-148

This article lays down the basis of an automatic system of interpretation and disambiguation of adjectives (in those noun groups made up of a noun and an adjective), in order to create a machine translation system from French into Polish. It concerns in particular the semantics of adjectives according to their relation with the nouns they describe. Our intention is in fact to describe and predict the semantic compatibility between a noun and an adjective, and more exactly, to formulate the conditions which allow a correct interpretation of the meaning of an adjective in a noun group. This approach results in an algorithm for the semantic interpretation of the meaning of an adjective in a noun group, and, with regards to the machine translation system, in the construction of a language-independent relational intermediary representation.

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction automatique et désambiguïsation des sens des mots. Le cas du verbe français louer

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 29-12-2023 | Résumé | p. 1-26

Machine translators such as those offered by Google, Deep, ChatGPT and others are already using NMT systems. They apply the techniques of artificial intelligence that are constantly being developed, so they are currently providing increasingly correct and suitable translations.

In the first part of this article, the author examines the case of the French verb louer by having it translated in different contexts by three automatic translators mentioned to see how effective they currently are as translation tools. Next, the verb louer is presented and analyzed as seen through the prism of the Antidote 8 dictionary. The last part of the article is devoted to the French-Polish description of the verb studied using the Object-Oriented Approach, with the aim of disambiguating it and developing the system of syntactico-semantic rules (object classes, frames, scripts) enabling the appropriate automatic translation of sentences in which it may appear.

2023-12-29



Revue: Neophilologica

La linguistica e l’insegnamento delle lingue straniere. I problemi delle lezioni di traduzione a livello avanzato della competenza linguistica

Aleksandra Paliczuk

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 162-175

Linguistics seems to be very unappreciated in the process of learning / teaching a language. This paper endeavours to emphasize the necessity of a conscious approach to teaching such a subject as language, no matter mother tongue or foreign language. It examines the works made by students (of an advanced linguistic competence) during the translation classes and shows the problems they have while translating into their mother tongue. The project presents correlation between the two disciplines: linguistics and glottodidactics, by explaining the complexity and particularity of language as the object of the educative process.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Perceptions et problèmes de traduction — le cas de Madame Bovary en polonais

Anna Dutka-Mańkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 45-59

This analysis is concerned with the description of sensory perceptions connected with feelings, thoughts and stereotypes in two Polish versions of Madame Bovary. Perception is situated at the implicit level, the point of view or apparently reported speech in embryonic form, and is connected with vocabulary, with the subjectivity introduced by the connector mais, with demonstratives (ce X) as well as stylisation as a spoken text. This affects the coherence of the text. In the translation, one may observe the appearance of both creative (in the lexical domain) and deformative (in the structure of the text) modification. Because of this, it is the reader of the translated text who invests more effortto construct the interpretation based on the instructions that the text gives.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduce el hombre y traduce la máquina. El esbozo histórico de la traducción automática

Agnieszka Palion-Musioł

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2019 | Résumé | p. 303-319

The paper focuses on various automatic translation systems from the historical perspective in order to show three major directions of its development. The oldest ones, translating word by word, the subsequent ones — based on interlingua, and the newest ones — which use neural networks and machine learning. The paper presents various linguistic and interdisciplinary points of view, methodological proposals and prototypes, which have been made from the 17th to the 21st century.

2019-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le ne explétif dans la traduction automatique

Michał Hrabia

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2016 | Résumé | p. 109-121

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the French ‘ne explétif’ for the purpose of its machine translation into Polish. The method of the study is based on object-oriented approach by Wiesław Banyś. In the first part, the author attempts to give a brief overview of the theories on the expletive negation. The second part is the analysis of the different uses of the ‘ne explétif’ and their Polish translations. The author distinguishes two types of the French ‘ne explétif’ in Polish : ‘nie without the value of negation’ and ‘pure expletive nie’. The results of the research are presented in ten syntacticsemantic schemes, i.e. in one of the computationally implementable formats of description used in the object-oriented approach.

2016-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Las repeticiones como exponentes estilísticos en la traducción: análisis comparativo polaco – español – francés

Hanna Aneta Połomska

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2024 | Résumé | p. 1-24

In addition to their role in situational coherence, repetitions serve multiple textual functions and can constitute a crucial component of style within a literary work. In the prose of Wiesław Myśliwski, repetitions help create, along with other stylistic devices, an effect of orality. Therefore, this study proposes a comparative analysis of repetitions and their function in Myśliwski’s novel, Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli, and its two translations into Spanish and French, i.e., El arte de desgranar alubias and L’art d’écosser les haricots respectively. Through the examples provided, the techniques employed by the translators are illustrated, along with the consequences of their decisions for conveying the oral nuance of the text. This, in turn, enables the identification of the main differences between the two translations and serves as a basis for attempting to explain these discrepancies.

In the French text, there is a clear tendency to avoid repetitions, whereas the Spanish version of the novel reveals considerable faithfulness in translating these. The reasons for this difference lie outside the French or Spanish linguistic systems and any potential limitations they may impose. The discrepancies in the translation of repetitions arise more from differing literary traditions.

2024-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Selon en tant que marqueur d’altérité énonciative et ses traductions en polonais dans un corpus de presse

Anna Dutka-Mańkowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 57-70

To describe Polish equivalents of the structure selon X, we admit that the above structure is the marker of enunciative alterity: a person who enunciates, presents content as taken up of another source. Presentation of discourse was analysed in press articles published in Le Monde Diplomatique and translated into Polish. Modal markers revealed further to the analysis of the corpus are more numerous than those indicated in dictionaries. In a series of tests we brought to view the characteristics of zdaniem, według, wedle and zgodnie z which were subsequently given the names found in the corpus and divided into classes. Ultimately, we discussed modifications in enunciations, related by correlation with obliteration of selon X in the translation.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Apport de l'analyse sémantique dans la recherche sur les prédicats de communication: du sens d’un prédicat au texte et à la traduction

Izabela Pozierak-Trybisz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2010 | Résumé | p. 125-136

This study aims to present a semantic analysis of a verbal communication: senses of predicates, propositional constructions, structures topic-focus of texts built around predicates of communication to find out ‘strategy’ for the transmission of information in such texts. The practicale use of it is translation. Analyze are based based on the methodology of the grammar-based semantic of S. Karolak.

2010-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Semantica lessicale dei verbi sintagmatici in italiano. Analisi intra-/interlinguistica del VS mettere fuori

Lucyna Marcol

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2010 | Résumé | p. 82-95

The aim of this paper is to describe the phenomenon of syntagmatic verbs in Italian language with a following analysis of one of them mettere fuori. Every derived meaning of mettere fuori is followed by an example of the phrase in which it can be used together with its translation into Polish. The scrutiny is aimed at proving that mettere fuori is not infrequently accompanied with an auxiliary object before the exact one. The author of the article emphasizes the problem both of the particularity of syntagmatic verbs in Italian and of the research of their equivalents in Polish.

2010-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Análisis sintáctico-semántico del verbo ganar según el enfoque orientado a objetos

Agnieszka Palion-Musioł , Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 245-263

The article discusses the natural polysemy of the lexicon of natural languages, perceived as one of the major problems of automatic translation. It also presents a solution for the problem of disambiguation of ambiguous expressions — it pivots on the object-oriented description, enriched with a transfer of various possible translations in a target language taking into consideration possible ambiguity in a source language. Finally, the authors show differences in the representations of the world
in Polish and Spanish, using the example of some Polish renderings of the Spanish verb ganar.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Parties du corps et approche orientee objets

Anna Grigowicz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 20-41

In this article the author discusses a method of lexicographic description which uses G. Gross’s concept of object classes, ontological classification in the WordNet style, B. Boguraev and J. Pustejovsky’s qualia structure, computer lexicography and automatic translation. The author focuses herself on the “object-oriented” approach to the proposed descriptions and adopts this approach to her analysis of the chosen names of body parts in French. The category of body parts, established on the basis of the ontological features of its elements, can be treated as an object class. This conclusion is justified by the fact that two operators: avoir mal and soigner, which characterize every object of the category under analysis, allow us to treat this category as an object class in the object-oriented approach.

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le verbe devoir et ses trois équivalents polonais : musieć, mieć, powinien

Ewa Ciszewska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 7-23

The construction with the French verb devoir + infinitive is generally translated into Polish by means of the verbs musieć, mieć, powinien. The author analyzes the conditions of the use of these verbs in a corpus of Polish translations of literary texts taking into consideration the tense and form of the original French sentence. Musieć expresses obligation and necessity more categorically than mieć and powinien, however, in the past tense it may appear only if the action indicated by the infinitive was carried out. Powinien denotes recommendation or reproach (especially in the translation of the conditional contexts), whereas mieć indicates the intention of the subject, as well as, in the past tense, a future action shown from a past point of view. All the three verbs can have epistemic use, musieć being most frequently employed to indicate strong probability.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Désambiguïsation des sens des mots et représentation lexicale du monde

Wiesław Banyś

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2005 | Résumé | p. 57-76

Wiesław Banyś discussed the natural polysemy of the lexicon of natural languages, perceived as one of the major problems of the automatic translation. He also presented a solution for the problem of disambiguation of ambiguous expressions - it pivots on the object-oriented description, enriched with a transfer of various possible translations in a target language to the possible ambiguity of a source language. Finally, the author showed differences in the representations of the world in Polish and French, on the example of some Polish renderings of the French verb gagner.

2005-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Comment comprendre la classe d’objets?

Anna Czekaj

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 232-244

The article is devoted to the problem of lexical description of words for automatic translation of texts. In particular, the description understood in terms of object classes is focused. The author gives attention to two lexicographical conceptions, namely the conception of electronic dictionary proposed by G. Gross and the object-oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś. The article aims at the comparison of these two conceptions, as well as at presenting how the notion of the object class is used to describe words.

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Désambiguïser et traduire sortir en polonais dans le cadre d’une approche orientée objets

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 268-281

The aim of this study is to analyse some uses of the French verb sortir, which are particularly interesting in terms of translation. The examples of uses of this verb in French and their Polish translations, as well as the class of objects which is concerned are the main ideas of the study. The method of the study is based on object-oriented approach and the disambiguation by W. Banyś. First, the general concept of the object-oriented approach and the definition of the class of objects are proposed. Then the author classifies the verb sortir as a dynamic verb according to the classification by A. Borillo. Finally, the results of the analysis are presented in the syntactic-semantic schemes with the contexts found in different databases (dictionaries, Internet).

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le langage du droit et l’ambiguïté lexicale

Ksenia Gałuskina

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2009 | Résumé | p. 29-40

This paper focuses on an analysis of lexical ambiguity observed in legal language. The first part of the article explains the definition of legal language and characterizes the vocabulary typical of legal language. The second part aims to situate the lexical ambiguity issues against a background of language for special purposes, or, more specifically, legal language. The semantic relations of synonymy, homonymy and different aspects of polysemy are described in the context of legal language.
In the conclusive part of this paper the problem of disambiguation of legal terms is highlighted and then it is shown how it affects the translation of such terms.

2009-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Demetaforizzare nel processo traduttivo: alcuni problemi linguistici scelti

Edyta Bocian

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 23-12-2022 | Résumé | p. 1-16

The article aims to analyze the demetaphorization process in translation in the context of contemporary Italian literature. The problem is framed from the point of view of the focal adjustments of R. Langacker, in particular the selection and the figure-background alignment. Apart from the obvious problems of untranslatability, the role of the metaphorical potential played in the demetaphorization process is analyzed.

2022-12-23



Revue: Neophilologica

Différences dans la conceptualisation entre le français et le polonais selon l’approche orientée-objets

Magdalena Perz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2013 | Résumé | p. 16-29

It is well known that languages differ in how they describe the same piece of reality. In this paper, the author examine that the categorization of some events does not proceed in identical way in French and in Polish. On the basis of two nouns of French language analysed as an example, according to the object-oriented method, the author shows that in some cases one item could have few equivalents in other language. The lexicographical description was illustrated with the results deriving from two exemplary nouns (storm, frost). The selection of linguistic equivalents depends on the context of units. It causes great problems for the translator above all for the automatic translation. To chose the proper equivalent, the translator has to analyse a number of uses of unit and understand the concept expressed by the expression.

2013-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Représentations cognitives opérées par les langues

Jean-Pierre Desclés

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2005 | Résumé | p. 17-42

The article discusses problems concerning the cognitive function of language that is relations between language and thought and between language and cultures. In the beginning there is a question if the diversity of languages entails the diversity of cognitive representations. In this respect the author presents the opinion of anti-antirelativism that there exist cognitive invariants of language activity which are semantic-cognitive primitives being defined by the author as abstract operators with formal proprieties forming the basis of language constructions. The proposed model of applicative and cognitive grammar emphasis the role of primitives which give the framework of language as well as the influence of context on an interpretation of cognitive architecture underlying language which is of prime importance when thinking about the process of translation.

2005-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Le verbe venir – esquisse typologique et essai de traduction en polonais de son emploi spatial français et espagnol

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 210-220

The main topic of this paper deals with a general typological survey of the spatial French and Spanish verb venir based on some linguistic studies chosen by the author (J.-P. Boons, 1987; A. Borillo, 1998; D. Bouchard, 1993; C. Vandeloise, 1986, 1987). This article analyses also the syntactic-semantic schemes of venir in the purpose of its translation into Polish. The author takes advantage in her analysis of the concept of the class of objects. The method of the study is based on object-oriented approach and the word sense disambiguation by W. Banyś.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

On + voir dans la traduction polonaise

Elżbieta Skibińska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 147-158

In her article Elżbieta Skibińska examined, on the example of three novels by Georges Simenon and their Polish translations, the possible interpretations and Polish renderings of the on + voir construction. Even such a limited linguistic corpus allowed the author to distinguish two ways of translating this construction: the first one, with the use of the predicate widać (one can see that...), retains the element of the visual perception; the second one, based on the use of a verb that can position an object in space, stać, leżeć, wisieć etc. (stand, lie, hang), eliminates the element of the visual perception. The outcome of the analysis made the author formulate the hypothesis that perceptional depiction of the presented events happens more often in French than in Polish, but this hypothesis ought to be verified on broader material.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

¿Cómo explicar el Nuevo Mundo al receptor polaco contemporáneo? Traducción interlingual e intercultural en las crónicas de la Conquista

Iwona Kasperska

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2012 | Résumé | p. 107-118

The acceptability of every target text in the receiving culture is strictly connected with strategies applied by main actors of the process, i.e. translator, editor and publishing house. All of them take into consideration expectations of a specific reader to whom they address not only the text itself, but also paratexts that must be treated as a part of it. This paper includes an analysis of the way in which some ideological implications of the linguistic form and cultural focus can shape the reception of two chronicles of the Conquest of the New World.

2012-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Verbe remettre et ses équivalents polonais. Désambiguïsation et analyse sémantico-préfixale pour les besoins de la traduction automatique

Michał Hrabia

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2018 | Résumé | p. 109-120

The present paper aims at presenting the results of the disambiguation procedure of the French polysemic verb remettre. Each meaning of the analysed word is illustrated with examples, associated with the Polish translation and properly formalized with the use of syntactic-semantic schemes (being one of the formats of the computational lexicographic description proposed in the object-oriented approach by Wiesław Banyś). Furthermore, in the second part of the article, the author examines the prefixed equivalents of remettre and tries to establish some semantic relations between the French and Polish prefixation process.

2018-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Voir, entendre et sentir un événement — quelques observations sur la traduction polonaise des constructions avec verbes de perception

Jadwiga Cook

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2014 | Résumé | p. 63-77

The object of our study is French constructions with the perceptive verbs voir, entendre and sentir and their translations into Polish. Those verbs take three types of object: (1) a subordinate clause introduced by que, (2) a noun phrase with a relative clause introduced by qui, and (3) an infinitive clause. Hence, the perception of an event can be moderated by the three different constructions. The differences between these structures are not only syntactic, visible at first glance, but also semantic. The first two structures have an equivalent in Polish, but the third is absent from the target language. Our aim was to verify if the differences between the analyzed structures are visible in their Polish translations and to see what the choices made by the translators could have depend on (the structure, the verb itself or the meaning).

2014-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction assistée par ordinateur – espérances trompeuses ou réalité possible ? Description lexicographique du vocabulaire des sucreries en québécois selon l’approche orientée objets

Aleksandra Chrupała

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 7-23

The article presents the object-oriented method on the basis of a lexicographic description of the object category of “sweets”. The analysis covered several nouns confirmed by Office de la Langue Française au Québec. These are the forms to be found both in the French standard language and its Quebec variety. The nouns were described from the perspective of the object classes, and possible differences between the Quebec and European usage were signalled. The author notices that these differences concern morphology or syntax to a small extent whereas are limited to the level of lexis, which is visible in translations into Polish among other things. The lexicographic description according to the object-oriented method was illustrated with the results deriving from three exemplary nouns (caramel, bonbon, chocolat). As a conclusion, it was stated that all nouns examined can be placed in the object class of “sweets” defined by a set of predicates typical of a given class, and that a division of this class into sub-classes requires a more detailed analysis conducted using a richer linguistic material.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’héritage sémantique multiple dans l’approche orientée objets

Sonia Szramek-Karcz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 230-240

The paper presents the role of multiple semantic inheritance that may be used in the Object Oriented Approach (OOA). The aim of the OOA, proposed by Wiesław Banyś at the University of Silesia, is to organise the language description in the form of a lexical data base easily implemented and used in automatic translation. Semantic inheritance is one of the most important features of the AOO and takes place when an object or an object class inherits operations and/or attributes from its super-object class while multiple inheritance is when an object or an object class can inherit semantic characteristics from more than one super-class. Some Object-Oriented Programming languages let the implantation of multiple inheritance, which, if the procedure is not abused and treated as emergency solution, makes the AOO description responding to every modification of human language and reflects every new language item in that lexical date base.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

La polysémie et le réseau synonymique des prédicats polylexicaux

Luis Meneses

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 84-99

Our objective is to deal with the question of polysemy and synonymy of fixed verbal sequences from the perspective of the three primary functions. Assuming that the elementary phrase is a minimal unit of analysis, the verb to give, which is a focal point of our study, can function as a predicate of the phrase, an actualizer of a nominal predicate or an element of a fixed sequence. The notion of usage will help us to demonstrate that the meaning of some verbal phrases changes according to their
phrasal context, which shows that polysemy is not exclusive to mono-lexical units. Moreover, the representation of the different meanings of a multi-lexical unit is expressed by a vast synonymy and paraphrase network. The current study is in line with an Automatic Language Processing perspective that aims for recognition fixed sequences, for the generation of automatic phrases and for automatic translation. We shall present, firstly, our methodological framework. Secondly, we shall focus on the polysemy of multi-lexical predicates to demonstrate the characteristics they share and the differences between them and mono-lexical predicates. Finally, we shall put forward a methodology of treating the polysemy and synonymy of fixed sequences.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Assertion et suggestion dans les relations synonymiques

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 204-216

In a brief presentation of the subject of synonymy a special emphasis was put on relations between assertion, presupposition and suggestion within the scope of what is being said. What was considered to be synonymous constituted those expressions which represent identical assertion. The article analyses the cases in which such a relation of synonymy is broken. On the basis of the analyses the reasons for such a status quo were given, and a conclusion was made concerning a general inevitability of the lack of synonymy within the scope of a given language as opposed to a possible, that often equally unrealized, interlingual synonymy.

 

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Métonymie et classes d’arguments

Taoufik Massoussi

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 119-137

For a long time monopolized by the rhetoricians, the metonymy begins to be the object of some semantic works which remain however rather fragmentary, not offering global vision of the functioning of this mechanism. We give in this article a definition of the metonymy based on the theoretical model of the classes d’objets. We define then the relation between appropriate predicates and arguments suited as frame of analysis of the metonymical transfers of the predicates between correlated classes of arguments. Finally, it is through the examination of the relation between the classes of <producers> and <productions> that generates sentences like I’m reading an American author, I’m listening to Mozart, etc., that we study the metonymy of argumental type. Our analysis settles as objective the detection and the automatic generation of the metonymy.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Approche orientee objets et hierarchie linguistique de concepts Questions d’application

Beata Śmigielska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 106-126

In the first part of the article the author focuses her attention on the presentation of the object-oriented method of lexicographic description proposed by W. Banyś. She also refers to G. Gross’ concept based on the notion of “objectivity”. She carefully considers the problem of the hierarchy of semantic concepts in the object-oriented approach and analyses the ontological semantic categories proposed by the WordNet lexical database. In the final part of the article the author presents an analysis of lexical hierarchy in the object-oriented approach. The author based her analysis on a few French verbs.

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Pain quotidien d’un lexicographe ou la description lexicographique du vocabulaire de la nourriture selon l’approche orientée objets

Aleksandra Chrupała

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2008 | Résumé | p. 46-56

The aim of this article is to describe the object-oriented method with its application to a given description. Basing on the noun pain the author describes some difficulties that might be found in the lexicographic description of the object class <bread>. The main objective is to make a distinction between a typical predicate and the one inherited by the class, to classify operators into constructors, manipulators and accessors, and finally to distinguish each domain belonging to the given class. Moreover, the author raises the issue of translation; namely the necessity of giving one equivalent as well as the consequences of such a requirement.

2008-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Analyse linguistique au service du TAL

Krzysztof Bogacki

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 12-12-2023 | Résumé | p. 1-13

Using the notion of predicate in the sense of an element structuring the sentence at the surface level, G. Gross arrives at an interpretation of linguistic facts that is valid for those who adopt the concept of semantic predicate as a tool for analysis. It belongs to the abstract level of meaning and is considered to be an essential part of the mechanism for disambiguation and selecting the meaning of lexemes or grammatical structures. This mechanism is particularly important in the context of machine translation where it is necessary to choose, in the bilingual transfer dictionary, the accurate equivalent of a polysemic lexeme in the target language.

2023-12-12



Revue: Neophilologica

Come tradurre la metafora? Analisi cognitiva delle espressioni metaforiche nell’originale e nelle traduzioni di “Brave New World” di Aldous Huxley

Monika Prysok

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 29-12-2022 | Résumé | p. 1-18

Metaphor, although by many still associated exclusively with poetic and artistic language, is a ubiquitous phenomenon. According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980), it plays a key role in understanding of the world. Metaphors, the use of which we often do not realise, also facilitate everyday communication. 
The aim of this research is to answer the question: in what way metaphors change in the process of translation? The analysis covers selected examples of metaphorical expressions taken from the original novel by Aldous Huxley “A Brave New World” in English, and its translations in Italian and in Polish. The comparison of the three language versions is intended to show similarities and differences both on the lexical and cognitive levels, as well as to identify the translation techniques used.

2022-12-29



Revue: Neophilologica

Désambiguïsation des sens du prédicat adjectival farouche dans le cadre d’une approche orientée objets

Michał Hrabia

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 150-167

This article examines the French adjective farouche with the aim of disambiguating all its meanings. The methodology of this study is based on the object-oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś. The author seeks to find all the Polish equivalents of the word analyzed. The choice of equivalents is determined by the configuration of the object classes qualified by farouche and, possibly, by the frames in which the adjective in question appears. The results of the analysis are presented in the syntactic-semantic schemes with the contexts found in different databases (monolingual dictionaries, the Internet) and in the summary table. Finally, the author discusses the problem of the proper nouns qualified by farouche.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Phénomènes naturels - une esquisse orientée-objets

Magdalena Edut

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2006 | Résumé | p. 169-178

In her article Magdalena Edut presented a new type of the lexicographical description which is based on the methodology of the object-oriented approach (approche orientee-objets). In the first part of the text she discussed, on the example of the word mżawka (drizzle), which belongs to the category of the “natural phenomena”, the principles and aims of the proposed approach. In the following parts she compared the received description with the description suggested by the lexical database WordNet and with the contemporary lexicographical theories dealing with the issue of the automatic translation:
- prof. G. Gross’s idea of an electronic dictionary,
- I. Mel’cuk’s and A. Zolkovsky’s model Sens-Texte,
- Pustejovsky’s and Boguraev’s structure qualia.

2006-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Analyse des verbes locatifs abandonner, laisser et quitter suivant les restrictions sémantico-syntaxiques de leur entourage en français dans une perspective historique et contrastive

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2017 | Résumé | p. 355-367

The aim of this paper is to examine the three French locative verbs abandonner, laisser and quitter qualified as synonymous by most French dictionaries. All these verbs can describe the same semantic invariant which is the concept of rupture and separation and generate polysemic extension to the semantics of movement. The most common uses of abandonner and quitter are based on the same syntactic construction [SN figure V SN ground] which, in this form, does not explain any restrictions. In the following study the Author will present a detailed analysis of the characteristics of these three verbs from a diachronic perspective which, perhaps, will enable a better understanding of their functioning in language, thus making their use by non-native speakers more suited to extralinguistic circumstances.

2017-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Les emplois spatiaux du verbe monter, leurs schémas syntaxico-sémantiques et équivalents polonais

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 217-227

This study analyses some examples of spatial use of the French verb monter which description is based on object-oriented approach. First the study presents the general concept of spatiality proposed by J.-P. Desclés in his analysis of the verb monter. Then the importance of class of objects is emphasized in reference to the disambiguation of verbs. Finally all the examples of spatial use of the verb monter are translated into Polish in base of the syntactic-semantic schemes what becomes the main idea of the comparative study of translation carried out by the author.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Combinatoria sintáctico-semántica de algunos adjetivos de posterioridad en español, francés y polaco

Mirosław Trybisz

Langue: ES | Date de publication: 31-12-2012 | Résumé | p. 252-260

The predicative adjectives are polysemic lexical units and the equivalent of translation depends on the use of the adjective, that is to say on their potential context, and not on their form. To solve the problem of polysemy it is necessary to observe all the possible uses according to the classes of objects that appear in the positions of arguments. The aim of the study is to present the syntactic-semantic properties of the adjectives siguiente in Spanish, suivant in French and następny in Polish.

2012-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’approche orientée objets dans l'espace

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2004 | Résumé | p. 149-173

The subject matter of this article concerns objectivity of lexicographic description. Here objectivity is being associated with the names of “functional” places, in D. Le Pesant’s understanding of the term. The author presents principles of the object-oriented description of lexicosemantic data, according to the concept by W. Banyś. Later on, she distinguishes a couple of basic classes of appropries predicates, which are typical for the locative nouns suggested by D. Le Pesant. The elements of the object-oriented approach are confronted with their counterparts in such lexicographic theories as: I. Melczuk and A.K. Zholkovsky’s frames, J. Pustejovsky’s qualia structure system, G. Gross’s object classes and unique beginners from the WordNet lexical database. In the suggested descriptive scheme of entries the author places results of her own analyses concerning descriptions of names of functional places, in this case-buildings.

2004-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduire l’image, traduire la mimique, décrire les émotions : joie

Katarzyna Gabrysiak , Alicja Hajok

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 05-11-2024 | Résumé | p. 1-14

L’audiodescription, définie comme une traduction audiovisuelle et intersémiotique, permet de rendre un film accessible aux personnes non-voyantes. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les moyens linguistiques de décrire les émotions vécues par les personnages du film. En étudiant l’audiodescription créée pour la série française intitulée Lupin, on essaie de dégager expressions se référant à la joie.

2024-11-05



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction du futur antérieur de probabilité en polonais. Problème d'héritage sémantique dans la description des parties du corps

Anna Grigowicz

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 37-46

The article deals with the problem of semantic heredity in the semantic class of the parts of the body. This is an analysis situated within the frame of the object-oriented perspective propagated by W. Banyś, used to describe 89 words belonging to the above-mentioned category. Problems with ascribing particular parts of the body to the proper superclasses were described, as well as the criteria used to distinguish the main three superclasses all the elements belonging to the object class of the parts of the body can be qualified to.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Validité de la modélisation objet dans la langue et dans la traduction

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2011 | Résumé | p. 249-258

The aim of this paper is to discuss one of the methods applicable in description of the representation of the world in language, that is object modeling. The author emphasizes the notion of the Hierarchical Semantic Network proposed by A.M. Collin and M.R. Quillian in the 1960’s which constitutes an example of the way of representing knowledge in the memorization process. These networks will be described in parallel with a class of structures of the data easily applicable to computer processing. This analysis is a starting point for elaborating on the notion of the class of objects. Its specificities, content and relations with others groups of the same type, the property of the semantic inheritance will show to what extent the notion is useful word sense disambiguation according to W. Banyś and also in the learning process.

2011-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Tipologia e traduzione dei verbi di moto italiani — analisi semantica

Lucyna Marcol-Cacoń

Langue: IT | Date de publication: 31-12-2016 | Résumé | p. 176-192

The aim of the present paper is to present and discuss the differences between Italian and Polish verbs of motion in terms of lexis and semantics. The classification of verbs of motion on the basis of the above listed criteria is aimed at bearing out the hypothesis that many Italian verbs communicate modality of the action of motion as well as a direction of motion. Furthermore, several possible translator’s dilemmas are outlined and an emphasis is put on the processes which are crucial in order to select the best possible Polish equivalent of the verbs under consideration here.

2016-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Traduction du futur antérieur de probabilité en polonais

Ewa Ciszewska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2007 | Résumé | p. 24-36

The future tense futur antérieur, in addition to other values, mainly temporary ones, may indicate probability. The article presents the result of the analysis of the Polish equivalents of this future tense. The analysis is based on the corpus of literary texts of 19th and 20th centuries translated into Polish. The futur antérieur is generally translated through the construction with the verb musieć, various opinion verbs and modal adverbs which indicate the degree of certainty of the speaker towards the contents of his utterance. The absence of the modal expression is possible only in interrogative clauses, in alternatives, with indefinite pronouns or when preceding verb indicates the probability.

2007-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

L’aspect accompli et la traduction du futur antérieur en polonais

Ewa Ciszewska-Jankowska

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 31-12-2015 | Résumé | p. 18-32

The purpose of this article is to describe the means of translating the grammatical tense futur antérieur in the accompli aspect from French into Polish. The accompli aspect constitutes a trait which is characteristic for French compound tenses, but absent from Polish in any form which would indicate the completion of the process and the state resulting from it. The perfective aspect of the future tense does not allow to underscore the resulting state, therefore, the translator tries to express it by using other structures.

2015-12-31



Revue: Neophilologica

Termes exprimant la notion d’amour en grec, leurs traductions adoptées et leur contexte d’emploi dans les Évangiles synoptiques et dans l’Évangile selon saint Jean

Αleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Langue: FR | Date de publication: 22-10-2021 | Résumé | p. 1-31

The purpose of the present article is the analysis of the Greek terms expressing the concept of love ἔρως (eros), στοργή (storge), φιλία (philia) and ἀγάπη (agape) and the impact of their semantic character on the uses appearing in the Bible. The author is primarily concerned with the study of etymology and determination of historical changes in the meaning of the analyzed terms, their use in secular and religious literature, in classical and late Greek.
The next step is a detailed analysis of the verbs φιλέω (phileo) and ἀγαπάω (agapao), which are the only of the four terms to appear in the Gospels. The text ends by indicating for each form used in the Gospels its semantic scope and checking whether it corresponds to the basic semantic features of each of the verbs.

2021-10-22