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Rozmowa z prof. dr. hab. Ryszardem Nyczem

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The author analyzes the contribution of the Romanian Polonists to studying Polish literature on the basis of theories and methodologies that are characteristic of comparative studies, developed within the Romanian area (T. Vianu, Al. Dima, G. Calinescu, N. Manolescu). Thanks to the comparative method, Romanian specialists have extended their interpreting perspective by voicing original ideas on motifs, themes, influences, parallelisms etc. that are present in the works of Polish and Romanian writers. Special attention has been granted to comparative studies about Mickiewicz – Asachi, Sienkiewicz – Sadoveanu, Reymont – Rebreanu. In conclusion, the comparative method becomes a basic tool in the critical approach of foreign Polonists.

Being a result from the 2008/9 research into interpretation of Aboriginal literature within Polish readerships, the article explores ways in which Indigenous characters are imagined and understood by Polish readers. Also, given that literatures and their characters are usually looked throughout the readers’ schemata and memory scans, it shows the dominant ways in which the Polish readers interpret and communicate with some of those characters.

Comics as one of the texts of culture becomes a mediating element between cultures. The article attempts to answer the question whether the history of Polish literature presented in a form of a comics can influence the way in which Polish literature is regarded and enlarge its readers’ number that is very limited outside of Poland. The author of the article also attempts to study the presence of Polish literary works (mostly novels) in multiple­panel comics, both in Poland and abroad.

The article attempts to reinterpret Marian Pankowski’s literary project. The author that has been marginally present in Polish reception, read once again in the context of modern theories and discourses reveals the maturity and timeliness of his themes, asking difficult questions concerning the identity of man in the 20^th century. The author of Matuga is interested in the very foundations of pre­modern world; he asks questions about the sense of religion, meaning of the traditionally perceived concept of nationality and ‘functionality’ of pre­Victorian model of morality.

In the article author’s conviction, such artistic attitude was possible only due to constant existence between the home country and the exile, between East and West, due to some ‘world­being’ that enabled him to ask a reader some difficult questions about condition of the contemporary man, question missing in Polish literature at that time.

The author of the article is also convinced that the most important and interesting cultural (and literary) processes always take place at the borderlands, where different cultures, genres and identities meet. Such notion is based on postcolonial theory by Edward Said.

The article is dedicated to Haiku­images, the last poetic work of Stanisław Grochowiak. The author attempts to show how difficult it is to read oriental type of poetry, even if we know its structure and philosophical base. The only thing that we can do is to find common places between haiku and European tradition. The author points to grotesque, surrealism, imagism and magic realism. There are similarities between Grochowiak’s last poetic work and Jacek Yerka’s magic realism in painting. This leads to conclusion that Haiku­images is still an important poetic voice concerning reality and world we live in.

Experience of living in borderlands is the most important Upper Silesian experience. Complicated geopolitical situation affects on Silesian history, local inhabitants’ identity, specific character of this place (periphery complex, pressure of ideological and cultural centres versus everyday relations with the Other, who often is homely and who is different from stereotypes disseminated by ideological centres are experienced here). Upper Silesia had to – and still has to – struggle with typical borderlands’ problems such as: borders’ inconstancy, feeling of homeliness, everyday relations with the Others, extreme ideologization, danger, fear, multiculturalism, other culture’s remains even after a resettlements and emigrations. All these problems are a great theme in literature about Upper Silesia, which is trying to describe and understand inconstancy and tragedy of the borderland.

The article presents literary friendship between the poet and Karl Dedecius – the first and most important translator of his poetry into German. The article is an introduction into their voluminous correspondence. Letters that present Dedecius’ efforts aimed at anchoring Herbert’s creativity into German language and rising in it related literature, reveal for us the figure of the poet and his half­emigrant condition. The article discusses Herbert’s poem Colantonio – S. Gierolamo e il Leone, poem dedicated to his German translator. Saint Jerome presented in the poem is a patron and a symbol of perfection for translators. He is distinguished not only through his titanic work, but above all through his attitude based on openness and courage.

The theme of the article aims at interpreting the artistic creativity of Lidia Sztwiertnia – the sculptress from Bielsko­Biała – in the context of the philosophy of ‘multiplicity and unity of arts’. Multidimensional character of Sztwiernia’s sculpture has been underlined here along with its variety rooted in many disciplines – literature, philosophy and music – that results in creating a kind of ‘poetic spectacle’ of form and meaning. Commentary to this creativity is indicated here by poetic imagination.

Research on the names of mixed alcoholic drinks was inspired by the conviction that they were an important part of the code of culture. It is due to this code that a nation or a society can communicate or create its own identity. In the beginning of the article the position of alcoholic drinks in Polish customs from Middle Ages till contemporary times was shortly discussed. The author analyzed the names of the drinks that she classified as the ‘creative’ ones, with evident authorship. Four hundred names of drinks listed in a handbook written by Polish authors (Brodziński, Brodzińska 1993) and names of drinks that appear in the menu of 50 contemporary pubs, clubs and restaurants from different areas of Poland have been analyzed in the article. The attempt to create a typology of such names led to discovering structural metaphors that inspired particular names.

The article presents the most important and the most interesting prose and poetry works published in 2011. Most of them were written by well known authors. Those that particularly deserve mentioning are Saturn. Czarne obrazy z życia mężczyzn Goya by Jacek Dehnel, Bornholm, Bornholm by Hubert Klimko­Dobrzaniecki, Książka by Mikołaj Łoziński, Ziarno prawdy by Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Włoskie szpilki by Magdalena Tulli and Drwal by Michał Witkowski. In poetry, the works by Konrad Góra (Pokój widzeń), Szczepan Kopyt (Buch), Marta Podgórnik (Rezydencja surykatek) and Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn­Dycki (Imię i znamię) were enthusiastically received by readers.
Apparently, year 2011 confirmed quite stabile preferences of the readers, which resulted in appreciation above all such publications that grounded in ‘middle literature’ tended to hybrid form, transgression of literary genres, artistic expressiveness. Works that received the warmest readers’ response were those dedicated to the identity problems or facing the demons of the past.

The article presents a summary of film events of the season 2011/2012. Films that can be found here are: Uwikłanie [Entanglement] directed by Jacek Bromski, Bitwa warszawska 1920 [Battle of Warsaw 1920] – the first Polish movie filmed in 3D, directed by Jerzy Hoffman, Ewa directed by Adam Sikora and Ingmar Villqist, Baby są jakieś inne – a long expected film by Marek Koterski, director of Dzień świra [The Day of the Wacko], Listy do M. [Letters to Santa] by Mitja Okorn, Wymyk by Greg Zgliński, Habemus Papam – an Italian film featuring Jerzy Stuhr directed by Nanni Moretti, Los numeros by Ryszard Zatorski, W ciemności [In Darkness] – Polish film directed by Agnieszka Holland nominated to the Oscar Academy Avard, Trzy minuty 21:37 directed by Maciej Ślesicki. The author endevours to comment on the most famous films of the last year and the beginning of this year, viewing them through the eyes of a foreigner who may be interested in Polish cinema and Polish culture.

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