PR 2024 nr 2 Cały numer

strona tytułowa 2024 nr 2

PR 2024 nr 2 strona redakcyjna

PR 2024 nr 2 spis treści

This article deals with the fundamental evolution of the views of the great Russian writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008) on the “Ukrainian question” – from the Gulag brotherhood, outlined above all in The Gulag Archipelago (1973–1975), to the angry fillips against the so-called “Leninist borders” of the new Ukrainian Republic, promulgated by Solzhenitsyn in an escalating mode after 1991. Solzhenitsyn’s works from 1967 to 2008 are analyzed here from this point of view. This is primarily the Gulag Archipelago, but also political works such as Rebuilding Russia. Reflections and Tentative Proposals (1990), Russia in Collapse (1998), as well as his oral statements made to the Russian press and television between 1992 and 2008. Most paradoxical of all is the fact that Solzhenitsyn, in 2005, saw the Orange Revolution in Kiev – in complete agreement with President Putin, incidentally – as a great threat to Russia too. The writer regarded the events in the Ukrainian capital – without any rational basis for doing so – as a repetition of the Russian March Revolution of 1917, which he in turn depicted in an utterly condemnatory manner in his multi-volume historical epic, The Red Wheel (1971–2005).

The article discusses the problem of introducing a new ideologically unified series of history textbooks into Russian schools, primarily Russian history textbooks for grades 10 and 11 by Anatoly Torkunov and Vladimir Medinsky. The content of the textbook regarding the events of the Great Patriotic War was confronted with the image of the war in Viktor Astafiev's outstanding epic The Cursed and Killed, which was included in the list of recommended readings in the textbook. The analysis carried out proves that in the conditions of the restoration of the imperial and totalitarian system in Russia, Russian literature is its best achievements, including the work of Astafiev, whose 100th anniversary of birth falls in 2024. remains a testimony to the truth about the evil of any war.

The article is presenting the profile of Viktor Shenderovich (born in 1958), a modern day writer, referred to as the leading Russian satirist, esseist, screenwriter of the iconic TV show „Puppets” („Куклы”), aphorist, dissident, autspoken Kremlin critic, currently living in emmigration. The author of the article is referring Shenderovich artistic biography, which describes his most important literary achievements – Shenderovich is a dramaturgist, an author of a number of plays in a convention of political satire, in which he often refers to the most current events in Russian history. The article, also presents Shenderovich dissident activity. In 2010 he has become a laureate of the Helsinki Foundation of Human Rights award in the category „Human Rights Protection by the Means of Culture and Art”. He’s also been actively protesting against Kremlin’s policy by signing multiple appeals and protests directed to the president of the Russian Federation. Since the beggining of the Russia’s aggression on Ukraine, Shenderovich has been condemning the war publicly, he was also a part of a group of artists and activists calling for deescalating the conflict and ceasing hostilities. In December of 2021 Shenderovich’s name has been put on the “foreign agent” list, which was a direct cause of him leaving the country.

The author of the article also discusses the writer’s connection with polish culture, especially the making of his original project called „Lec. The 20th century”

The author of this article tries to explain the causes of the disturbing phenomenon occurring in Russian alternative fantasy. In the alternative history of Russia drawn by Russian fantasists since the early 1990s, solutions associated with Western liberal democracy are increasingly losing their attractiveness at the expense of nationalistic, chauvinistic, autocratic and totalitarian attitudes. The West's distrust of Russia and the latter's hostility towards NATO and European Union countries have led to an increase in pro-imperial sentiment. In Russian fantasy, this is evidenced by the popularity of the empire in alternative histories and in so-called imperial fantasy. The novel All Capable of Carryring Weapon Andrei Lazarchuk’s analyzed in the article is one of the few Russian alternative histories in which Russia owes its prosperity to socio-political solutions imported from the West - from Germany and the United States. At the same time, the author tries to show that the rejection of Western liberal democracy by Russian society and Russian fantasists is a deeper problem – as it turns out, this system also finds its critics in the West, as evidenced by the works of Immanuel Wallerstein and Patrick Deneen.

This article attempts to look at the Holocaust memorial activity of writer, art therapist and exhibition curator Elena Makarova in the first years after her repatriation from the USSR to Israel. The correspondence with Makarova's mother, the poet Inna Lisnianska, collected in the volume Имя разлуки, will be helpful in introducing the main fields of Makarova's memorial activity. Makarova's work exemplifies an intuitive insertion into an era of turns - memorial, visual and affective. Precursory in this respect are the studies devoted to the Austrian artist Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the cultural and scientific life in Theresienstadt. The faction's literary strategy is also analysed, which, according to the author of the article, will be reflected in Makarova's works such as Фридл or Кописты. О забытых художниках Белостокского гетто. 

Metaphors associated with the concept of disease have been used in various discourses for centuries to depict social processes that, in the opinion of the sender, require urgent corrective action. It became particularly popular around the mid-nineteenth century due to the rapid development of interest in the biological and medical sciences, and later due to the strong influence of a materialist and sensualist view of the world. Interestingly, this type of metaphor is also intensively exploited by denominational discourse, in the case of this study the discourse of radical Russian Orthodoxy. Almost 800 texts were analysed for the occurrence of the conceptual metaphor CHOROBA; the identified realisations were divided into semantic categories corresponding to different aspects of the reality described in the discourse.  It turns out that the disease metaphor finds a very wide application in the studied discourse, being an important means of shaping the audience's attitudes also in the case of religious discourse.

Literature plays an essential role in any national culture, serving as a crucial element that shapes and enriches a society's cultural identity, values, and worldview. By incorporating literary allusions into newspaper headlines, journalists can significantly enhance the depth and emotional appeal of a specific article, thereby increasing the headline's overall allure. Such headlines possess the potential to captivate readers and aid them in comprehending the text's intended meaning. Thus, they serve not only as a tool for conveying information but also as a means of transmitting the values, attitudes, and identity of a particular linguoculture. This study focuses on the utilization of linguoculturemes in reference to literary works within the newspaper headlines of six selected online periodicals published in Russia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The analysis reveals that quotations, paraphrases, or various forms of references to literary works are employed in distinct ways across the newspaper headlines of various Slavic linguocultures. The research also contributes to a deeper understanding of how literature influences mass media language and demonstrates how specific literary elements manifest within media discourse.

The paper is devoted to yet unstudied driving force behind development of verbal aspect in Old Russian. It consisted in crucial asymmetry between two classes of prefixal verbs: those with a lexical prefix (i.e. prefix considerably changing the meaning of the stem) and those with a semantically bleached one. As far as, on the one hand, these kinds of verbs were all in all of the same formal complexity, and, by iconicity principle, could be expected to display similar functional behavior, but, on the other hand, the result implied by verbs with lexical prefix was less natural, and hence less integral, as it were more “fragile” was the relevant “scenario”, Old Russian could be expected to undertake various measures towards mitigating the disparity, and one of such measures was the spread of so-called secondary (proto)imperfectives.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF MULTI-WORD CZECH OIKONYMS WITH THE PREPOSITION "NA" INTO RUSSIAN (USING LINGUISTIC CORPORA)

The object of our study is one of the types of toponyms – oikonyms – names of settlements/towns, which represent in every language a specific group of words characterised by a close connection with the historical, everyday and cultural heritage of a nation or country. In Czech, multi-word oikonyms with structures that include various prepositions (nad, pod, u, v) represent a productive and numerous group of toponyms, while in Russian there is only one model of multi-word oikonyms (на-реке – “on the river”). Following the comparative aspect of the analysis, based on the data from the monolingual corpora of the Czech National Corpus and National Corpus of the Russian Language, we determined the frequency of use of multiword oikonyms with the preposition na in Czech and Russian.  Then, using examples of data from the bilingual parallel corpora of the Czech National Corpus (InterCorp v15) and National Corpus of the Russian Language, we examined the Russian translations of the oikonyms Lysá nad Labem and Kamýk nad Vltavou from the book Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války with the preposition na.

The article aims to analyze and compare word combinations related to linguistic and non-linguistic politeness, recorded by descriptive and phraseological dictionaries of Polish and Russian as entries and as examples of use. The analysis concerns the expressions containing the words grzeczność, grzeczny, grzecznie, etykieta, uprzejmość, вежливость, вежливый, етикет, этикетный, expressions containing the names of speech acts of politeness and expressions containing words often used in indirect speech acts of politeness (e.g., kłaniać się, ukłony, поклон, кланяться). The image of politeness recorded by Polish and Russian dictionaries is reconstructed, including, among others, characteristics attributed to politeness, as well as the subject, purpose and addressees of polite behavior. The study leads to the conclusion that the image of politeness in the analyzed expressions largely corresponds to the models of Polish and Russian politeness developed so far.

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Recenzja książki „Rodina” („Ojczyzna”) Oxany Timofeevej [ТИМОФЕЕВА О. РОДИНА М.: СИГМА, 2020 — 64 С]

The text entitled. Sacred animals without animals? Is a review of Tatiana Goriczewa's book Sacred Animals in the Polish translation of Grzegorz Ojcewicz, which was published by the publishing house "GregArt" in 2022.

PR 2024 nr 2 Noty o autorach